Module 4 Great Scientists

词汇短语园地

1. educate  vt.  教育;教导

She was educated in China and now is living in South Korea.

她是在中国受的教育，现在住在韩国。

The campaign is intended to educate the public to respect the old.

这一运动旨在教育公众尊重老人。

educate sb in/on sth  在某事上教育某人

Children need to be educated on the dangers of drug-taking.

有必要对儿童进行吸毒有害的教育。

education  n.  教育

educated  adj.  受过教育的;有教养的

educational  adj.  教育的;有教育意义的

2. support  vt.  支持;帮助;支撑;养（家）

n.  支持;帮助;支撑（物）

If you raise the question at the meeting， Ill support you.

如果你在会上提出这个问题，我将支持你。

Support the babys head when you hold it.

抱婴儿时要把他的头托住。

Mark has one child to support from his second marriage.

马克得供养他第二段婚姻生的孩子。

There is strong public support for the change.

公众强烈支持这一变革。

Her family and friends have given her lots of support.

家人和朋友给了她很多帮助。

When my father died， I became the real support.

父亲死后， 我成了真正的顶梁柱。

in support of  支持……

come to ones support  支持某人

Only a few people spoke in support of the proposal.

只有几个人表示支持这一提议。

We found the new evidence to come to his support.

我们找到新的证据来支持他。

3. replace  vt.  取代，代替;把……放回原处

The new design will finally replace all existing models.

新的设计最终将会取代所有现有的型号。

I picked them up and replaced them in the bag.

我捡起它们，放回袋子。

replace sb/sth with/by sb/sth  用……替换;以……接替

It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks.

不吃正餐，改吃点心，这不是什么好主意。

Teachers will never be replaced by computers in class.

在课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。

4. explode  vt.  使爆炸;vi.  爆炸

explosion  n.  爆炸

There was a huge sudden bang as if someone had exploded a rocket outside.

突然一声巨响，仿佛有人在外面引爆了火箭。

Bombs were exploding all around the city.

城里到處都响起炸弹的爆炸声。

More than one hundred people were injured in the explosion.

一百多人在这次爆炸中受伤。

explode into/with  突然发生……

We all exploded into wild laughter.

我们都突然大笑起来。

Tom exploded with rage.

汤姆勃然大怒。

explosive  adj.  会爆炸的;爆炸性的

5. escape  v.  逃跑;逃脱

n.  逃跑;逃脱

Two prisoners have escaped.

两名囚犯逃走了。

When he was a child he often escaped into a dream world of his own.

小时候他常常躲进自己的梦想世界中。

I had a narrow escape.

我是死里逃生。

There was no hope of escape from her miserable marriage.

她没有希望从不幸的婚姻中解脱出来。

escape from  从……逃跑;逃脱

She managed to escape from the burning car.

她成功地从燃烧的汽车里逃脱了出来。

escaped  adj.  逃跑了的

6. clear  v.  移走，清除;（烟、雾等）消散

I had cleared my desk before I left.

离开前，我把桌子清理干净了。

The fog wont clear until tomorrow.

雾明天才会消散。

clear away  消散，散去

clear... of...  移走/清除……中的……

clear... off...  从……中移走/清除……

The mist cleared away as the sun came out.

太阳出来雾就消散了。

I cleared my desk of papers and got down to work.

我清理好桌上的文件后开始工作。

Clear all those papers off the desk.

把桌上所有那些文件都拿走。

7. producer  n.  生产者;制片人

production  n.  生产;产量;作品;演出（的剧）

Libya is one of the major oil producers.

利比亚是主要石油生产国之一。

Who is the producer of this film？

谁是这部电影的制片人？

Production of the new aircraft will start next year.

新飛机的生产将于明年开始。

It is important not to let production fall.

重要的是别让产量下滑。

Every year the school puts on a musical production.

这所学校每年都上演一部音乐剧。

produce  v.  生产;制造

n. 产品;（尤指）农产品

product  n.  产品;制品;（自然、化学或工业过程

的）产物

productive  adj.  生产的;多产的;有效益的

8. breakthrough  n.  突破

Scientists always try their best to make a breakthrough in their own fields.

科学家们总是尽他们最大的努力在他们各自的领域取得突破。

An important breakthrough in negotiations has been achieved.

谈判已取得了重大突破。

breakthrough是由短语break through构成的合成名词，英语中有很多类似的例子。如：

break out  爆发→ outbreak  n.  爆发

break down  故障→ breakdown  n.  故障

burst out  突然开始（做某事）→ outburst  n.  爆发，迸发

come out  出来，结果是→ outcome  n.  结果;效果

put out  生产→ output  n.  产量

9. quantity  n.  数量（作不可数名词，和质量相对;

作可数名词，指具体数量）

quality  n.  质量（作不可数名词，和数量相对）;

（人的）品质（可数名词）

I prefer quality to quantity.

我重质不重量。

This hotel buys a vast quantity of meat every day.

这个酒店每天都要买很多肉。

Quality is more important than quantity.

质量比数量重要。

He has all the qualities of being a successful businessman.

他有成为成功商人的所有品质。

be of good/bad quality  质量好/不好

in quality  质量方面

in quantity  大量的

a large/small quantity of  大量/少量的……

The machine is of good/bad quality.

这机器质量好/不好。

It is often cheaper to buy goods in quantity.

批量购物一般比较便宜。

Put a small quantity of sugar into the coffee.

放少量糖到咖啡里。

The police found a large quantity of drugs at his home.

警方在他家发现了大量毒品。

quantitative  adj.  数量上的;定量的

qualitative  adj.  性质上的;定性的

比较：quantity，number和amount的区别

quantity可与可数及不可数名词连用;number只与可数名词连用;amount只与不可数名词连用。

My birthday wish is that I can have a large quantity of presents/money.

我的生日愿望是能有很多礼物/钱。

I could give you any number of reasons for not going.

我可以给你许多不去的理由。

No amount of encouragement would make him jump into the swimming pool.

再怎样鼓励，他也不肯往游泳池里跳。

10. as a result of  作为……的结果;由于

She died as a result of her injuries.

她由于受伤而死亡。

As a result of her hard work， she won the scholarship.

由于努力学习，她获得了奖学金。

比较：as a result of 和as a result的区别

as a result of  作為……的结果（引出状语）

as a result  结果……（作状语）

He was late as a result of a heavy snow.

他由于大雪而迟到了。

As a result， he became successful at the age of 45.

结果，他在45岁时成功了。

表示原因的短语：

because of/thanks to/owing to/due to/as a consequence of  由于，因为……

I figure life is a gift and I dont intend on wasting it. You dont know what hand youre going to get dealt next. You learn to take life as it comes at you.

我觉得生命是一份礼物，我不想浪费它。你不会知道下一手牌会是什么。你要学会接受生活。

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

A

Once Wilhelm K. Roentgen and several other scientists were experimenting with passing electric currents through certain gases in a special glass tube from which the air had been taken away. Then one day Roentgen noticed that though the tube was covered with black paper， some strange kinds of radiation （辐射） were coming through and making a screen nearby give out light. Roentgen could see nothing out of the tube. But then he discovered that if he put the screen in the next room on the other side of the closed door， the rays still seemed to affect it. The screen showed that the rays could pass not only through the black paper but also through wood.

The next thing he found out was that if he put his hands between the rays and a photographic plate， the rays would print a shadow of the bone framework of his hands on the plate. In fact， the rays could pass as easily through the fleshy （肉的） part of his hand as through the black paper， but hardly at all through the bone. So Roentgen made the first X-ray picture of a hand showing just how the bones in the hand fitted together.

Roentgen called these unknown rays X-rays， but other scientists called them Roentgen rays in honor of the man who first found them.

1. What was in the special glass tube？

A. Air. B. Water. C. Gases. D. Paper.

2. According to this text， Roentgen discovered X-rays ___ .

A. by accident

B. through his hard work

C. by doing lots of experiments

D. with the help of several other scientists

3. What can X-rays hardly pass through？

A. Wood. B. Bones. C. Flesh. D. Black paper.

4. What can be the best title for the text？

A. The Discovery of X-rays

B. The First X-ray Picture of a Hand

C. The Discovery of Electric Currents

D. The Use of Rays and Photographic Plates

B

Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart. They will in a lifetime， push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will know—or even think to ask—who it was that invented them.

Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers， and would help to attract more business.

On June 4， 1937， Goldmans first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldnt wait to see them using his invention.

But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look， but hardly anybody would give them a try.

After a while， Goldman decided to ask customers why they werent using his carts. “Dont you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket？” one shopper replied.

But Goldman wasnt beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end， Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping. Seeing this， the real customers gradually began copying the phony （假的） customers.

As Goldman had hoped， the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come—those who came bought more.

Todays shopping carts are five times larger than Goldmans original model. Perhaps thats one reason why Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—the coming of the shopping cart.

5. What does the underlined part “chrome-plated contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to？

A. Suitcases. B. Shopping carts.

C. Baskets. D. Private cars.

6. What was the purpose of Goldmans invention？

A. To make shopping easier and attract more business.

B. To help the old do shopping easily in his market.

C. To reduce the burden of his employees work.

D. To prove him to be a good inventor.

7. Why did Goldman hire a group of people to push carts around his market？

A. To keep the groceries from being stolen.

B. To attract people to buy things in his market.

C. To make his market different from the others.

D. To encourage people to use his shopping carts.

8. What can we infer from the last paragraph about Goldman？

A. He becomes very famous because of his invention.

B. His invention has had a great effect on food industry.

C. His invention gives a great idea to todays shopping carts.

D. Supermarket business has benefited a lot from his invention.

跟踪导练（二）

完形填空

I can remember watching the animal documentaries on PBS when I was growing up. There was something about the wild that was1 . In spite of my love of the society of lions nothing2me more than the speed and agility of an antelope （羚羊）.

In one documentary， the lions3their prey of choice and with every piece of artistic talent the producer had he tried to indicate that it was all over for this4antelope. The lions were in5and the first female lion made a lunge （猛冲） for the6of the antelope. The antelope7in her current position and the lion must have miscalculated because she8her neck by centimeters. Without a second of9the antelope exploded with such force and10that the other lions drew back and11trying to play catch-up.

The lions were12than the antelope， and they were smart. When they got close enough to the antelope， they13one of their paws to trip the14animal. Now I dont know if this antelope had one of those rear-view cameras （后視镜） but every time a lion got close she would change direction，15 .

When pressure came from a different16she changed direction. When she could feel the breath of her17on her neck she changed direction. She ran until they stopped running after her. This antelope had18 . She was running for her life.

If you feel19and things are not going the way they should， change20 . Be the antelope. Run for your life.

1. A. confusing B. interesting

C. disappointing D. encouraging

2. A. changed B. impressed C. satisfied D. reminded

3. A. picked B. treated C. made D. killed

4. A. curious B. different C. careful D. poor

5. A. danger B. surprise C. position D. demand

6. A. horn B. neck C. foot D. fur

7. A. slept B. jumped C. grew D. froze

8. A. caught B. forgot C. missed D. watched

9. A. hesitation B. movement C. attention D. reply

10. A. excitement B. speed C. distance D. resolution

11. A. ended up B. gave up C. felt like D. insisted on

12. A. slower B. luckier C. safer D. faster

13. A. gathered B. swung C. covered D. protected

14. A. dying B. passing C. running D. promising

15. A. violently B. secretly C. gently D. gradually

16. A. symbol B. team C. way D. style

17. A. partners B. pursuers C. believers D. discoverers

18. A. purpose B. value C. pleasure D. enthusiasm

19. A. fun B. anger C. courage D. pressure

20. A. mind B. standard C. direction D. attitude

语法填空

A small town in New Zealand has announced a（n）1       （usual） plan to ban domestic cats in order to protect native wildlife.

Those who currently own cats will not be forced to give them up， according to the plan.2 ， after their cats pass away， they will not be allowed3（get） another one. The cats will need to have microchips （芯片） put just below the surface of4skin so that they can5（find） at any time.

Village6（official） say the plan7（need） because domestic cats are attacking wild animals in the area. Because of this， the areas native wildlife is8（rapid） disappearing.

New Zealand has listed 150 animal species as being seriously endangered and in need of9（protect）. These animals include a kind of ant10only lives under one kind of rock， and a kind of lizard （蜥蜴） that only lives in a certain area.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

6.   7.   8.   9.   10.

跟蹤导练（三）

阅读理解

A

Many scientists first determined they loved science in the classroom. Here are some of them that spend their lives spreading their love of science.

Maria Christoforaki

Christoforaki is a high school student at the Lyceum of Gazi in Greece. In June 2017， she was part of a team from her school that competed in the European CanSat Competition. This is a contest in which teams build models of satellites （卫星）. Much creativity is required—and Christoforaki says that is the best part.

Kelly Knight

Knight is a forensic （法醫的） scientist—someone who uses scientific techniques to help solve crimes. Shes a professor at George Mason University in Fairfax， Virginia. But thats not all she does. “Im also a Zumba instructor and I have my motorcycle license，” she says. Shes still working on getting a motorcycle， though.

Sara MacSorley

MacSorley has a degree in science， who doesnt work in a laboratory but is now the director of the Green Street Teaching and Learning Center at Wesleyan University in Middletown， Connecticut. She spends her time promoting education. MacSorley still loves science. Shes now working on a coloring book about women in science， technology， engineering and math.

Erin Winick

Winick was a student in mechanical engineering at the University of Florida in Gainesville. As an engineer， she also runs her own company， Sci Chic， making science and engineering-inspired jewelry （珠宝）. Her science creativity also goes beyond jewelry. “I love making and wearing space and science-inspired clothing，” she says.

1. Where does Maria Christoforaki start her love for science？

A. At school. B. At home.

C. In the lab. D. In a company.

2. What is Kelly Knights hobby？

A. Music. B. Traveling.

C. Motorcycling. D. Clothes design.

3. What was Sara MacSorley trained to be？

A. A teacher. B. A scientist.

C. A writer. D. An engineer.

4. What can we learn about the four women from the text？

A. They have a great love in science.

B. They are working in scientific labs.

C. They are scientists with other skills.

D. They started their love in science early.

B

Most of the time， people wear hats to protect themselves from harsh weather conditions. Hats are also worn to show politeness and as signs of social position. But nowadays， hats， especially womens hats， are much more than that. More exactly， hats have changed into fashion and style symbols by many movie stars. Whats more， people now consider many different features when choosing even a simple hat. Many designers point out that， when choosing the right hat， its important to consider the color of your skin as well as your hair， your height， and the shape of your face.

First of all， the color of the hat should match the color of your skin and hair. For instance， black hats should be avoided if you are dark skinned. If a purple hat is placed on top of red hair， one will look as attractive as a summer flower. Second， the height of the hat is also an important point. Tall women should not go for hats with tall crowns， just as short women should choose hats with upturned brims （帽沿） to give the look of height. Third， and most importantly， the shape of the face decides the kind of hat one should pick. A small， gentle hat that fits the head looks good on a small face. However， women with big， round faces should choose a different style.

As the saying goes， “Fine feathers make fine birds.” A good hat can not only help your dress but also support your features， so why not choose the best possible one next time you want to be in public？

5.What does the underlined word “harsh” in Paragraph 1

probably mean？

A. Good. B. Poor. C. Strange. D. Different.

6. According to the article， what kind of women would look

most attractive？

A. A big-faced woman who wears a small， nice hat.

B. A short red-haired woman who wears a purple hat.

C. A small dark-skinned woman who wears a black hat.

D. A tall woman who wears a hat with a huge upturned brim.

7. What does the last paragraph suggest？

A. Hats can make you look much taller.

B. Hats are not as important as character.

C. Hats can help you look better in public.

D. Hats are worn on the head to keep warm.

8. What can be the best title for the text？

A. How to Design a Nice Hat

B. How to Choose a Proper Hat

C. How to Improve Your Features

D. How to Show Your Social Position

跟蹤导练（四）

阅读七选五

Choosing the Right Path to Be a “Better” Person

Life is a constant exercise in self-improvement. In the rush to achieve， the idea of being “better” can become lost sometimes. You may always wonder how to improve yourself and fulfill your dreams in an easier way. 1

Explore your talents.

Everybody has some outstanding skills or interests. So its often necessary to be patient and try many things before you find one that suits you.

2 For example， people loving adventure may not be interested in the quiet chess club， but someone who enjoys other quiet activities might be. Determining who you enjoy being around may help you know what youll enjoy.

3

No matter how much money you make， you will not be happy if you spend your entire life doing something you hate. Its important to at least devote some of your time to what makes you happy.

If youre particularly unhappy at your job， consider why. 4 If you feel your job isnt meaningful， or isnt in line with your values， consider finding another job.

Experience something new.

Research has shown that when were in our comfort zone， we arent as productive as we are when we step just beyond it. 5 Its important to have new experiences and interactions with others， even when those are a little scary. Doing so can help you achieve more.

A. Do what you love.

B. Here are some tips for you.

C. Register in a class youre interested in.

D. Humans adapt very quickly to positive events.

E. Its possible that some changes may change your feeling.

F. Similar types of people may be attracted to the same activities.

G. Try not to allow yourself to focus so much on a certain

aspect of your life.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

完形填空

Youve been away from us for one year; you told us a lie which I came to know not long ago.

On this special day for teachers across the country， I can1keep myself from telling your white lie to those who would lend me ear.

Do you still remember the happy2about six years ago？ We fixed our eyes upon you on your3 . You， a beautiful young lady，4us that you would live in our village.

Soon after， we began to find you were part of your students and their simple honest parents. The villagers found their children5more time on their books6after doing their homework and housework. Yet they still7that one day you might leave. You8a smile all the time， which9to some degree their fear of your leaving. You went all out in the10of your students， helping them not only in their studies but also in their tuition （學费）. You often emphasized to us the11of ones life， so that must have been what you were after in those five years！

One cold morning when class began， you entered the room as if you had been crying12 . In your class， we13but looked away from your eyes. You14for some time as if you were15to find this right word... you said you would16and would never be back to teach because your boyfriend wanted you more...

On the following morning， we17you the very best and the villagers gave you their18 . The train took you away and your broken19 . The other day I20to hear my parents chatting that you had lung cancer and left the world soon after you waved goodbye.

1. A. forever B. seldom C. hardly D. soon

2. A. scene B. condition C. sign D. sight

3. A. report B. arrival C. explanation D. speech

4. A. promised B. answered C. reminded D. agreed

5. A. spared B. spent C. wasted D. devoted

6. A. even B. ever C. soon D. still

7. A. considered B. feared C. supposed D. doubted

8. A. wore B. forced C. gained D. presented

9. A. increased B. melted C. replaced D. reduced

10. A. teaching B. hope C. course D. field

11. A. way B. wealth C. value D. cost

12. A. happily B. sadly C. anxiously D. angrily

13. A. listened B. talked C. discussed D. studied

14. A. observed B. stopped C. stayed D. spoke

15. A. thinking B. worrying C. crying D. trying

16. A. work out B. take out C. run away D. go away

17. A. gave B. expected C. wished D. brought

18. A. thanks B. satisfactions C. expressions D. rewards

19. A. life B. class C. heart D. memory

20. A. came B. happened C. turned D. managed

跟蹤导练（五）

阅读理解

If you could have one superpower， what would it be？

Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds， see through walls， or have superhuman strength may sound silly， but it actually gets to the heart of what really matters in your life.

Every day in our work， we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world.

They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess： the power to make a difference in the lives of others.

Were not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor. Your lives are busy enough doing homework， playing sports， making friends， and seeking after your dreams. But we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself. Find an issue you are interested in and learn more. Volunteer or， if you can， contribute a little money to a cause. Whatever you do， dont be a bystander. Get involved. You may have the opportunity to make your biggest difference when youre older. But why not start now？

Our own experience working together on health， development， and energy in the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding （值得做的） parts of our lives. It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.

1. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 refer to？

A. Your lifestyle. B. Your life value.

C. Your trouble in life. D. Your life experience.

2. Why does the author say we are inspired every day？

A. We possess different kinds of superpowers.

B. We have got the power to change the world.

C. Some people around us are making the world better.

D. There are many powerful people in our life and work.

3. What does the author stress in Paragraph 5？

A. Learning more and contributing more to a cause.

B. Rising above self and acting to help others.

C. Working hard to get a bigger opportunity.

D. Trying your best to help the poor.

4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph？

A. The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better.

B. Much more progress will be made in the near future.

C. The work on health is the most valuable experience.

D. Peoples efforts have been materially rewarded.

阅读七选五

The best form of exercise is walking. Casual walk for thirty to forty minutes can do wonders for the body. 1 Displayed below are reasons.

Help to burn calories （卡路里）.

A daily walk routine can help to burn calories. Walking for thirty minutes a day can help to burn about three to four hundred calories per day. A daily walk helps to burn 100 calories per mile. 2

Help to improve energy level.

There could be a possibility of drying up with other stressful forms of exercises. This is not possible with walking. 3 With burning calories， it helps to stay active and fit throughout the day.

4

Walking helps to decrease the risk of health related diseases and infections. In fact， with weight loss it helps to maintain a normal heart rate. Walking burns fat and helps to strengthen the immune （免疫的） system of the body.

Help in planning.

5 It doesnt like gym and other types of exercises. There is no proper planning required for walking. The progress is easy to track; there are many smart apps which are available for walk and weight loss. It helps to keep a track on calories burned to lose weight.

A. Help to stay energetic.

B. Help to reduce health risks.

C. Walking doesnt cost much.

D. It is best to walk daily to keep a good body shape.

E. Walking is an easy way to exercise and benefits us a lot.

F. Walking helps in weight loss， and it improves your energy.

G. Starting a weight loss plan is easy， but continuing with the

plan is difficult.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

跟蹤导练（六）

选词填空

用方框里单词的正确形式填空，使其句意完整。有两个词是多余的。

publish escape graduate explode convert lead

produce victim part figure agriculture educate

1. A TV set ____ electric energy into sound and light energy.

2. It is important not to let ____ levels fall in our factory.

3. Her father is a man of little ____ .

4. This country is no longer a（n） ____ country.

5. He acted the ____ part in the play.

6. What you said is ____ true.

7. My son just ____ from high school this summer.

8. The ____ were found lying dead on the river bank.

9. He saw the man thief ____ from the flat gate last night.

10. The news said the criminal who made the ____ in our city was arrested.

句子翻译

1. 由于他愚蠢的行为，他失去了所有的朋友。（as a result of）

2. 比尔出生在加拿大，但在美国长大。（bring up）

3. 歌手以唱歌为生，而老师靠教学谋生。（earn ones living）

4. 我现在只是做我能做的支持他们。（in support of）

5. 他是出了名的大善人。（be known for）

短文改错

In recent years scientists have become very concerned about the greenhouse effect. There are gases in the Earths atmosphere what act like the glass in a greenhouse. They let the sunlight in， or they dont let the suns heat out. Greenhouse gases came from burning coals and oil using by industries， cars， and trucks. These gases are increasing. Most scientists are worried about that as these gases increase， the Earth will get too warmly. This condition is calling global warming. If the Earth does grow warmer， the ice from North and South Poles will begin to melt. Then our oceans will spill over low-lying coastal area. World leaders is trying to find ways to reduce greenhouse gases.

书面表达

假定你是李华。你的英国朋友Mark此前和你约定见面，向你了解中国画的有关知识，现你因故需要推迟。请给Mark写封邮件说明情况，内容包括：

1.表示歉意;

2.说明原因;

3.重約时间和地点。

要求：

1.词数100左右;

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：中国画 traditional Chinese paintings

Dear Mark，

Yours，

Li Hua

Science Hero： Jules Verne

科学英雄：儒勒·凡尔纳

儒勒·凡尔纳（Jules Verne，1828年2月8日—1905年3月24日），法国小说家、博物学家，现代科幻小说的重要开创者之一。他一生写了六十多部科幻小说，总题为《在已知和未知的世界漫游》。他因其大量著作和突出贡献，被誉为“科幻小说之父”。

Thats right the time for the Science Hero Award， where we honor a particular man or woman from history who made a contribution to science. Todays Science Hero， though， wasnt a scientist at all， but a science fiction writer. In fact， he was one of the pioneers of the genre of science fiction.

Jules Verne is our hero. Jules Verne was born in France in 1828 and originally studied to be a lawyer. But he was fascinated with the exploration of nature and the world. Also， he loved writing. In his writing he was able to bring scientific ideas to a general audience. If he were alive today， hed probably be writing for us.

Jules Verne also wanted to challenge people to think about new things that science could bring them. His stories were full of fantastic machines， but they were always things that could in principle be constructed. Because of this combination of knowledge and imagination， he was able to anticipate many things that now actually exist.

For example， you may know that in his novel Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea， Verne imagined an enclosed boat that could travel underwater—what we now call a submarine. But did you know that on board his submarine he put another imaginary device， the electric stove？ Or that he was one of the first to suggest putting people inside a giant bullet and firing it at the moon？ Thats not quite how we got there， but the principle is much the same.

那正好是頒科学英雄奖的时间，我们以此纪念那些在历史上为科学做出贡献的个人。然而今天的科学英雄根本不是科学家，而是一位科幻小说作者。事实上，他是该体裁的先驱之一。

儒勒·凡尔纳是我们的英雄。他于1828年出生在法国，起初他是学习法律的。但他对探索自然和世界十分着迷，而且他喜欢写作。在他的作品中，他能将科学概念带给读者。如果他还活着，他很可能还在为我们创作。

儒勒·凡尔纳也想挑战人们去思考科学可能带给他们的新事物。他的故事中充满奇妙的机器，但都总是理论上可以创造出来的东西。由于知识和想象力的结合，他预见了很多现在确实存在的事物。

比如，在凡尔纳的《海底两万里》中，你可能知道他设想了一艘可以在海底穿梭的船——我们现在称之为潜水艇。但你知道在其潜水艇上，他放置了另一件想象的工具——电炉吗？或者说他是第一个建议把人放在巨型炮弹里，瞄准月球发射的人之一吗？虽然我们并不是那样登上月球的，但理论上大致相同。