试论刘基的经济思想

杨桦

摘  要：本文从历史的视域，对刘基经济思想的成因和地位进行了分析，客观评价了其曾发挥的积极作用;认为刘基的经济思想比较集中地体现在《郁离子》一书中，其经济思想的主要内容反应在其“盗天”说中。刘基经济思想的核心是重视农业生产，认为农业生产是国计民生不可须臾荒废的根本事业。对于与人民衣食相关的生产事业，刘基主张听民自为，反对国家实行垄断。他提出要发展生产，既要处理人与自然的关系，也要处理人与人的关系。刘基在经济方面还较多地论述了货币、田制、禁榷等各种问题。刘基的经济思想不仅停留在《郁离子》相关篇章中，更大量地体现在其辅佐朱元璋所推行的政令和所制定的政策、制度中。

关键词：刘基;经济思想;社会实践

中图分类号：F092.2                              文献标志码：A               文章编号：1672-0105（2021）04-0041-05

On Liu Ji's Economic Thought

YANG Hua

（Wenzhou Library， Wenzhou 325009， China）

Abstract： This article analyzes the causes and status of Liu Ji's economic thoughts from a historical perspective， and objectively evaluates the positive role he played. It is believed that Liu Ji's economic thoughts are more concentrated in the book Yu Li Zi. The main content of his economic thinking is reflected in his theory of “Stealing Heaven”. The core of Liu Ji's economic thinking is to attach importance to agricultural production， and believes that agricultural production is a fundamental undertaking that must not be left to waste for the national economy and the people's livelihood. Regarding the production undertakings related to the food and clothing of the people， Liu Ji advocated listening to the people and opposing the state's monopoly. He proposed to develop production， not only to deal with the relationship between man and nature， but also to deal with the relationship between man and man. On the economic aspect， Liu Ji also discussed various issues such as currency， land system， and ban on negotiation. Liu Ji's economic thinking not only stays in the relevant chapters of Yu Li Zi， but also embodies in a large amount in the decree， policies and systems formulated by his assistant Zhu Yuanzhang.

Key Words： Liu Ji; economic thought ; social practice

劉基是对元明鼎革产生重要作用并对明清思想文化产生重要影响的历史人物，而现有的中国古代经济思想史论著，均很少述及或割裂其平生投身社会变革的实践。为了客观评价其在历史上发挥的积极作用，本文拟就刘基经济思想产生的历史背景、内涵以及它与明初和明代社会经济发展的成效作初步探讨。

一、刘基经济思想形成的社会背景

刘基被世人称为立德、立功、立言“三不朽”伟人，是中国传统知识分子修身、齐家、治国、平天下的典型代表之一。刘基因其所经历的历史时代，属于元、明之际的人物。体现他各方面思想（尤其是经济）特色的著述大都完成于元末，而其完成毕生事功却集中于元末和明初。……