融合定位技术在港口自动驾驶车辆中的应用

2021-03-22 00:56:37郭延熹
河南科技 2021年26期

郭延熹

摘 要:定位技术是集装箱码头自动驾驶水平运输车辆实现自动驾驶的关键技术之一。全球卫星导航系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)是目前广泛应用的定位技术。集装箱码头桥吊、龙门吊等大型起重设备和集装箱会导致GNSS信号遮挡和多径反射,造成局部GNSS无信号或信号漂移,导致定位失效。结合国内集装箱码头自动驾驶车辆测试经验,分析车载传感器定位技术(GNSS定位+惯性导航+轮速计)、高精度地图定位技术、视觉定位技术、激光定位技术、无线辅助定位技术及集卡引导辅助定位技术等,并基于多种传感器的多源信息融合定位技术,提出集装箱码头自动驾驶水平运输车辆高精度和高可靠性的定位解决方案。

关键词:集装箱码头;自动驾驶水平运输车辆;高精度;传感器

中图分类号:TN958 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5168(2021)26-0006-04

Application of Fusion Positioning Technology in Port

Autonomous Driving Vehicle

GUO Yanxi

(Xiamen Container Terminal Group Co., Ltd.,  Xiamen Fujian 361000)

Abstract: Positioning technology is one of the key technologies for automated horizontal transport vehicles in container terminals.GNSS positioning technology is a widely used positioning technology at present. GNSS signal occlusion and multipath reflection are caused by large lifting equipment such as bridge cranes and gantry cranes and containers in container terminals, resulting in no signal or signal drift of local GNSS, leading to positioning failure.Combining with domestic auto vehicle testing experience, container terminal positioning technology of on-board sensors (GNSS+IMU+wheel speed meter), map of high precision positioning technology and the orientation of visual technology, laser technology, wireless positioning techuology, card guide aided positioning technology is analyzed, based on a variety of sensor positioning technology of multi-source information fusion,it is a high precision and high reliability positioning solution for automated horizontal transport vehicles in container terminals.

Keywords: container terminal;automated horizontal transport vehicle;high precision;sensor

隨着自动驾驶技术的发展,国内自动驾驶科技公司联合码头方,对集装箱码头用于水平运输的自动驾驶集卡、智能导引车(Intelligent Guided Vehicle,IGV)进行测试,取得了阶段性成果。其中,自动驾驶集卡已在天津五洲码头、日照码头、宁波梅山码头及深圳妈湾码头等投入实际运营;智能导引车已在天津C段、广州南沙4期等码头投入作业测试。全球卫星导航定位系统(Global Navi-gation Satellite System,GNSS)是目前在自动驾驶车辆上广泛应用的定位技术,但是集装箱码头因为存在桥吊、龙门吊等大型起重设备和集装箱遮挡,引起GNSS信号丢失和多径反射,造成局部GNSS无信号或信号漂移,无法保证定位的精度和可靠性。本……

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