孙玉波 刘剑飞 宋杰



摘 要:风机主要包括离心风机、混流风机及轴流风机。它不仅应用于国家工业体系的各个领域,而且在航天、航空中的应用尤为突出。在航空领域的应用主要包括飞机座舱的通风换气、电子设备舱的冷却、货仓的空气再循环、燃滑油及液压系统的散热。风机在系统中能耗较大,因此对于高效、节能及低噪风机的研发已迫在眉睫。根据不同的应用场景,借助Amesim软件進行多学科仿真设计及Fluent进行风机流道内流场分析,建立不同工况下的风机计算模型,绘制相应的特性曲线族,并选用高效特性曲线作为具体风机设计的依据,可为产品满足飞机全包线的使用需求奠定理论基础。根据对某型风机的设计,建立风机在不同工况下的计算模型,论述特性曲线在风机设计中的应用,从而为产品满足飞机全包线内的使用需求奠定一定的理论基础。
关键词:风机设计;特性曲线;全包线
中图分类号:TH432.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5168(2021)26-0041-03
Application of Characteristic Curve in Fan Design
SUN Yubo LIU Jianfei SONG Jie
(1.Naval Armament department,Luoyang Henan 471000;2.Military Representative Office of the Force Equipment in Xinxiang,Xinxiang Henan 453000;3.Xinxiang Aviation Industry(Group)Co., Ltd., Xinxiang Henan 453000)
Abstract: Fan mainly includes Centrifugal Fan, mixed flow fan and axial flow fan. It is not only applied in various fields of national industrial system, but also outstanding in spaceflight and aviation. The applications in aviation field include ventilation of aircraft cabin, cooling of electronic equipment cabin, air recirculation of cargo bin, heat dissipation of fuel oil and hydraulic system. Fan in the system of energy consumption is large, so for high-efficiency, energy-saving and low-noise fan research and development is imminent. According to different application scenarios, multi-discipline simulation design is carried out with Amesim software and flow field analysis in flow passage of fan is carried out by Fluent, calculation model of fan under different working conditions is established, and corresponding characteristic curve family is drawn, the high efficiency characteristic curve is chosen as the basis of the fan design, which can lay the theoretical foundation for the product to meet the requirement of the aircraft full envelope.
Keywords: fan design;characteristic curve;full envelope
1 特性曲线的分类
1.1 有因次特性曲线
风机流量Q、全压P、输入功率[N]和效率[η]的关系密切,某一风机在指定转速下的P-Q、η-Q、N-Q的关系曲线如图1所示。
1.2 无因次曲线
一般主要是指风机的压力系数P、流量系数Q、功率因数N、效率η之间关系的曲线,如图2所示。
1.3 空气动力学气动略图
同一系列产品中,不同型号的产品都是按相似方法设计的,因此它们的无因次曲线相同,几何形状相似。它以叶轮外径为特征尺寸求出通流部分其他尺寸相对叶轮外径的尺寸值,并用此尺寸绘制通风机的几何图形与无因次性能曲线。……