基于生态优化视角的零能耗农村居住建筑优化设计

曹观峰　肖瑞亚

摘 要：因经济的快速发展以及人类对资源的索取，导致生态环境原有平衡被打破，生物多样性锐减，植被遭受破坏，水土流失严重，自然灾害频繁，因此加强自然生态环境保护迫在眉睫。建筑业作为推进国家经济发展的支柱性产业，在倡导环境保护的今天，近零能耗建筑成为建筑领域追求的目标。要保证该目标得到实现，还需在选址、外围护结构、暖通空调、外窗等设计以及材料选择等方面遵循低能耗、高能效、污染少与舒适性高等建造设计要求，尽可能把对环境造成的影响降到最低。为了对生态优化视角下近零能耗农村建筑有更全面的认识，以严寒地区的某栋建筑为例，基于外窗近零能耗优化设计进行相关阐述。

关键词：生态优化;零能耗;农村居住建筑;优化设计

中图分类号：TU201.5 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5168（2021）25-0094-03

Optimal Design of Zero Energy Consumption Rural Residential Buildings Based on Ecological Optimization

CAO Guanfeng XIAO Ruiya

（Xinxiang Vocational and Technical College， Xinxiang Henan 453000）

Abstract： Due to the rapid economic development and the endless demand of human beings， the original balance of the ecological environment has been broken， the biodiversity has been drastically reduced， vegetation has been destroyed， soil erosion has been serious， and natural disasters have been frequent. Faced with this situation， it is urgent to carry out natural ecological protection. The construction industry is a pillar industry that promotes the country’s economic development. Under the environment of advocating environmental protection， near-zero energy consumption buildings have become the core goal pursued in the construction field. The design and material selection of HVAC， exterior windows， etc. follow the construction design requirements of low energy consumption， high energy efficiency， low pollution and high comfort， and minimize the impact on the environment as much as possible. In order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the near-zero energy consumption of rural buildings from the perspective of ecological optimization， this article takes a building in a severe cold area as an example， and makes relevant explanations based on the near-zero energy optimization design of exterior windows.

Keywords： ecological optimization;zero energy consumption;rural residential buildings;optimal design

關于《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》的说明中提到人山水林田湖是一个生命共同体，即人、山、水、林、田、湖相互之间存在着密切的联系，构成了共同生命体[1]。改革开放初期，我国部分区域忽视了对环境的保护，肆意地对环境进行破坏，围湖造田、毁林开放的现象屡见不鲜。但是，随着经济社会的快速发展，这种现象所带来的弊端日益凸显，加剧了荒漠化、水土流失的生态问题。为此，党的十九大报告中提到，要像对待生命一样对待生态环境，统筹山水林田湖草系统治理，可见国家对生态环境保护的重视。……