汀江支流黄潭河水质状况及变化趋势分析

陈月华

摘 要：以黄潭河流域4个监测断面为研究对象，选取pH值、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、五日生化需氧量、氨氮及总磷作为评价因子，采用单因子评价法，结合综合污染指数法和Spearman秩相关系数法，分别对水质状况和污染物变化趋势进行分析。结果表明：评价期间，城头坪断面的总磷、石铭渠道断面的氨氮和总磷呈显著下降趋势，石铭渠道断面和蓝溪大桥断面水质状况有所好转，2019年和2020年4个监测断面均能达到Ⅲ类水质标准，说明近年采取的流域水质提升工程有效可行。但仍存在一些不稳定因素，如城头坪断面水质在2019年上升为较好状况后，2020年又下降为轻度污染状况，石铭渠道断面近两年的总磷浓度值已临近Ⅲ类水质标准限值，应引起高度重视。此外，氨氮和总磷是影响黄潭河水质的主要因素，应进行严格管控。

关键词：黄潭河;单因子评价法;综合污染指数法;Spearman秩相关系数法;变化趋势

中图分类号：X824 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5168（2021）26-0134-03

Analysis on Water Quality Status and Changing Trend of Huangtan

River，a Tributary of Ting River

CHEN Yuehua

（Shanghang County Environmental Monitoring Station in Longyan，Longyan Fujian 364200）

Abstract： Taking four monitoring sections in Huangtan River basin as the research object， pH， dissolved oxygen， permanganate index， biochemical oxygen demand， ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus were selected as evaluation factors， the water quality status and pollutant change trend were analyzed by single factor evaluation method combined with comprehensive pollution index method and Spearman rank correlation coefficient method. The results showed that the total phosphorus， ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the chengtouping section and the Shiming Canal section decreased significantly during the evaluation period， and the water quality of the Shiming Canal section and the Lanxi Bridge section improved， in 2019 and in 2020， all the four monitoring sections can meet the Class III water quality standard， which shows that the water quality improvement projects adopted in recent years are effective and feasible. However， there are still some unstable factors， if the water quality of chengtouping section rises to a good condition in 2019 and then drops to light pollution in 2020， the concentration of total phosphorus of Shiming Canal section in the past two years has reached the critical value of Class Ⅲ water quality standard. NH3-N and TP are the main factors affecting the water quality of Huangtan River， which should be strictly controlled.

Keywords： Huangtan River;single factor evaluation method;comprehensive pollution index method;Spearman rank correlation coefficient method;change trend

汀江是閩西最大的河流，是粤东大江——韩江重要的上游支流。汀江干流（干流长112 km）及其支流旧县河（境内流长45.9 km）、黄潭河（境内流长98.1 km）为上杭县内三大河流，常称为“一江两河”。其中，黄潭河发源于上杭县古田镇和蛟洋镇，流经新罗区大池镇、上杭县溪口镇、太拔镇、蓝溪镇、稔田镇，最后在永定区境内汇入汀江，为汀江的一级支流。黄潭河流域水质问题关系到当地经济、社会的可持续发展，因此分析评价其水质有助于全面科学地了解水质现状及变化状况。……