季一鸣 孙乐刚 王岳 张凌楠 马向瑞

【摘要】 肿瘤细胞利用免疫检查点逃避免疫监视是肿瘤发生发展的重要步骤之一。程序性细胞死亡受体-1(programmed cell death protein 1, PD-1)/程序性细胞死亡配体-1(programmed cell death ligand 1, PD-L1)是参与肿瘤免疫逃逸过程重要的调节因子,与肿瘤的发生发展及预后密切相关。以PD-1/PD-L1为主要靶点的免疫疗法近年来在临床上取得了显著疗效。本文就PD-1/PD-L1参与肿瘤细胞免疫逃逸的机制及其在头颈部鳞状细胞癌(head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,HNSCC)免疫治疗中的应用现状及前景进行综述。
【关键词】 头颈部鳞状细胞癌 程序性细胞死亡受体-1 程序性细胞死亡配体-1 免疫逃逸 预后
[Abstract] Escape of immune surveillance using immune checkpoints by tumor cells is one of the important steps in tumorigenesis and development. Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) are important regulators involved in tumor immune escape, and closely related to the occurrence, development and prognosis of tumors. Immunotherapy with PD-1 and PD-L1 as the main target has yielded significant therapeutic effects in recent years. This article reviews the PD-1 and PD-L1 mechanism involved in tumor cell immune escape and its current applications and prospects in immunotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
[Key words] Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma Programmed cell death protein 1 Programmed cell death ligand 1 Immune escape Prognosis
First-author’s address: Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.17.044
头颈部鳞状细胞癌(head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,HNSCC)在头颈部恶性肿瘤中的占比达90%以上,其发病率位居所有癌症种类的第六位,全球每年约有60万新增病例,目前治疗方法以个体化的综合序列为主[1-3]。近年来,HNSCC治疗中,以PD-1/PD-L1为主的免疫治疗成为研究热点,其可通过协助免疫系统发挥抗肿瘤功效,影响肿瘤的发生发展,以期达到治愈的目的,具有安全性较高、不良反应少等优势。
1 PD-1/PD-L1概述
PD-1及其配体PD-L1属于B7-CD28家族成员。从结构上来说,PD-1作为一种Ⅰ型跨膜单体糖蛋白,其分子量的大小为50~55 kD[4]。属于Ig超家族(IgSF),共含288个氨基酸残基,由三个区域构成,分别为类似免疫球蛋白(immunoglobulin,Ig)V样的胞外区结构域、疏水性跨膜区以及胞内区。其胞内区有2个酪氨酸残基,近N端为免疫受体酪氨酸抑制基序、近C端为免疫受体酪氨酸转换基序(immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif,ITSM)。PD-1以单体的形式存在于细胞表层,可由CD4-、CD8-的胸腺细胞,外周活化的CD4+、CD8+ T细胞、B细胞、单核细胞和一些树突状细胞等表达,在T细胞抑制和衰竭中起重要作用[4]。……