设施草莓根腐病的病原及其综合防治技术

2021-03-24 11:05:24高苇杨利娟刘亚全田艳忠王勇张春祥马建芳
天津农业科学 2021年2期

高苇 杨利娟 刘亚全 田艳忠 王勇 张春祥 马建芳

摘    要:目前,我国草莓的种植面积在不断扩大,草莓根腐病的危害连年加重,对草莓产业发展造成严重的威胁。草莓根腐病的致病菌复杂多样,难以防治。本文详细的介绍了草莓根腐病的分类、症状特征、发病规律及防治方法,为草莓根腐病的诊断和防治提供有效的技术手段;并对我国草莓根腐病的病原进行着重阐述,为其病原学的研究和检测技术的建立提供理论基础。

关键词:草莓;根腐病;致病菌;综合防治

中图分类号: F592.3          文献标识码:A          DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.02.008

Research Progress on the Pathogen and Integrated Management of Strawberry Root Rot in Greenhouse

GAO Wei1, YANG Lijuan1, LIU Yaquan2, TIAN Yanzhong3, WANG Yong1, ZHANG Chunxiang1, MA Jianfang2

(1.Tianjin Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin 300381, China;2.Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center in Xiqing District of Tianjin, Tianjin 300381, China;3 Tianjin Runnong Agricultural Materials Distribution Department, Tianjin 301800, China)

Abstract: In recent years, the epidemic outbreaks of strawberry root rot became more severe with the planting areas enlarged and continuous strawberry cropping. Pathogen caused strawberry was complex and multiplicity, so it was difficult to control. It was summarized the classification of strawberry root rot, character of symptom, infecting regularity and control strategies in this paper. It is expected to provide effective technique to diagnosis and control this root disease. Taxonomic status of the pathogen caused strawberry root rot was emphatically elaborated, to provide the theoretical basis for further study on the etiology and detection of the pathogen.

Key words: strawberry; root rot; pathogen; integrated management

草莓(Fragaria ananassa)屬于蔷薇科(Rosaceae)草莓属(Fragaria)草本浆果类,具有易于栽培、产量高、经济效益好等优点。我国是世界第一草莓大国,2020年第18届中国(济南)草莓文化旅游节暨首届亚洲草莓产业研讨会上报道,据不完全统计,我国草莓栽培面积16.7万hm2,且主要有设施栽培模式为主,种植面积、产量稳居世界第一。随着设施草莓栽培面积的不断扩大,连作重茬地的增多,草莓根腐病的发生面积和危害程度在逐年增加,对我国草莓产量增长和品质提高均造成了严重的威胁[1]。近年来,在我国北京[2]、山东[3]、河北[4]、湖北[5]、辽宁[6]、安徽[7]等种植地草莓根腐病均有发生,死株率普遍在10%~30%,发病严重的地块可达80%以上。草莓根腐病的病原物复杂多样,国内外已鉴定报道的可达20余种,是一种难于防治的土传病害[8]。因此,本文对草莓根腐病的发生特点,病原菌种类及综合防治技术的研究进展进行系统的介绍,为正确诊断和综合防治提供理论依据。……

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