Module 4 Music

本模块知识网络

combine   v.   结合，联合

plug   v.   插上（插头）

shrink   v.   变小，减少

tap   v.   轻拍，轻敲，轻叩

mop   v.   擦，揩（脸、汗等）

relay   v.   转播，接转

relax   v.   使放松，使轻松

present   v.   赠送，颁发（礼物、奖品等）

relative   n.   亲戚，亲属

characteristic   n.   特征，特性，特质

ambition   n.   志气，抱负，雄心

rhyme   n.   押韵，韵

pedestrian   n.   行人，步行者

interval   n.   间隔，空隙

socket   n.   插座

organ   n.   风琴，手摇风琴

suite   n.   组曲

session   n.   从事某项活动的集会（或一段时间）

saucer   n.   茶碟，茶托

lid   n.   盖，盖子

handle   n.   柄，把手

popcorn   n.   爆米花

relief   n.（痛苦、忧虑等的）解除，减轻，调剂

scene   n.   活动领域

voluntary   adj.   自愿的

vacant   adj.   空的，空缺的

therefore   adv.   因此，所以

常用短语

give concerts   举办音乐会

（be） true of/for   与……情况相同

give life to   赋予……生命（生命力，活力）

（be） the same with   与……情况相同

share feelings and ideas with   与……分享感受与想法

make contact with   与……进行来往

compose music   創作乐曲

all of a sudden   突然间

dance to the music   伴着音乐跳舞

draw upon   利用，凭借，依赖

in addition to   除此之外

拓展词汇

interpret   v.   诠释，解释

poetry   n.   诗歌

passerby   n.   过路人，行人

liveliness   n.   活泼，快乐，生动

hairpin   n.   发卡，发夹

poetic   adj.   有诗歌的，诗的

symbolic   adj.   象征的，作为象征的

词汇短语园地

1. combine   v.   结合，联合

（1）combine （with sth） to do sth   某物与某物结合成……

Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.

Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water.

氢和氧化合成水。

（2）combine A and/with B   同时兼有/兼做（两件或以上

的功能/事）

The model combines a telephone and a fax machine.

这种型号同时具备电话机和传真的功能。

Combine the eggs with a little flour and heat the mixture gently.

把鸡蛋和少量面粉搅匀，用文火加热。

2. depress   v.   使沮丧，使意志消沉，使心灰意冷

It depresses me to see so many young girls smoking.

看到这么多女孩抽烟令我感到很沮丧。

Wet weather always depresses me.

阴雨天总使我心情抑郁。

depressed    adj.   沮丧的，意志消沉的，抑郁的

depressing   adj.   令人沮丧的，令人消沉的，令人抑郁的

depression   n.   沮丧，消沉，忧郁

3. regarding   prep.   关于

I wrote a letter regarding my daughters school examinations.

我写了一封关于我女儿学校考试的信。

Call me if you have any problems regarding your work.

你如果還有什么工作方面的问题，就给我打电话。

4. tap   v.   轻拍，轻敲，轻叩

Ralph tapped me on the shoulder.

拉尔夫轻轻地拍了拍我的肩膀。

He kept tapping his fingers on the table.

他不停地用手指轻敲着桌子。

tap   n.   轻击，轻拍，轻敲;龙头，旋塞

5. relief   n.（痛苦、忧虑等的）解除，减轻，调剂

We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left.

他走了以后，我们大家都如释重负地松了口气。

Much to my relief， the car was not damaged.

令我庆幸的是车并没有损坏。

relieve   v.   解除，减轻，缓和（不快或痛苦）

relieved   adj.   感到宽慰的，放心的，显得开心的

6. honour   v.   尊敬，敬重

（1）honour sb （with sth）   （因……而）尊敬/尊重某人

The president honoured us with a personal visit.

总统亲临，使我们感到荣幸。

（2）honour sb/sth （with sth） for sth

因……给予某人/某物表扬（或奖励、头衔、称号）

He has been honoured with a knighthood for his scientific work.

他因科研成就而获授爵士头衔。

（3）be/feel honoured to do sth   因做某事而感到荣幸

I was honoured to have been mentioned in his speech.

他在讲话中提到了我，我真是荣幸。

honour   n.   尊敬，尊重，荣幸，荣誉

honourable   adj.   可敬的，值得钦佩的

7. present   v.   赠送，颁发（礼物、奖品等）

present sb with sth = present sth to sb

赠送/颁发……给某人

The local MP will start the race and present the prize to the winners.

当地议员将鸣枪开赛，并颁发奖品给获胜者。

On his retirement， colleagues presented him with a set of golf clubs.

在他退休之际，同事们赠给他一套高尔夫球杆。

present   n.   礼物，礼品;目前，现在

adj.   现存的，当前的;出席的，在场的

8. therefore   adv.   因此，所以

（1）therefore不是連词而是副词，和however一样，因此不能单独连接两个句子，前面须用and来连接。

He was down with the flu， and therefore couldnt come to the party.

他患了流行性感冒，因此未能去参加聚会。

He is only 17 and therefore not eligible to vote.

他只有17岁，因此没有在选举中投票的资格。

（2）therefore如果放在句中，前后须用逗号隔开。

We dont have enough money， and we， therefore， cant afford to buy the car.

我们没有足够的钱。所以，我们买不起车。

There is still much to discuss. We shall， therefore， return to this term at our next meeting.

要讨论的事情还有很多。所以，我们将在下次会议上回到这项议题再讨论。

比较：so和therefore的区别

so是连词，可以连接两个简单句，且常用于口语中;therefore是副词，不能直接用来连接两个简单句且用法比较正式，可以放在句首，后面加逗号，也可以放在句中作为插入语。therefore常与and连用，and therefore相当于so。

He is kind， so we all like him.

He is kind; therefore， we all like him.

He is kind. Therefore， we all like him.

He is kind and therefore we all like him.

他很友好，因此我们都喜欢他。

9. （be） true of/for   与……情况相同

This is true of both economic crimes and violent crimes such as robbery and murder.

对经济犯罪活动是这样，对抢劫和杀人等犯罪活动也是这样。

This is true for you as well as for me.

你和我的情况相同。

10. give life to   赋予……生命（生命力，活力）

She gave life to the picture with a deft touch of the brush.

她以灵巧的笔触赋予这幅画生气。

It was a new play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it.

这是一部新剧，演员们试图赋予这部剧活力，但是没有成功。

11. （be） the same with   与……情况相同

Mary went to Beijing but didnt go to the Palace Museum. It was the same with Jane.

玛丽去了北京，但没有去故宫博物院，简也是一样。

比较：the same as和the same with的区别

当比较同质事物时，常用the same as;当上一句话说了一件事情后，下一句话说这种情况对于某人也是一样，常用the same with，句中的it指的就是上一句中所提到的情形。

Your opinion is the same as mine.

你的意见跟我的一样。

Whatever we do must be done according to actual circumstances， and it is the same with writing articles and making speeches.

我们无论做什么事都要看情形来办，写文章和演讲也是一样。

12. make contact with   与……进行来往;与……联系

He made contact with wealthy people in raising money for the project.

他与许多有钱人拉关系来为该项工程筹款。

The pilot is trying to make contact with his base.

飞行员正试图与基地联系。

（1）be in/out of contact with   和……有/没有接触，和……

有/失去联系

Have you been in contact with your sister recently？

最近你和你的妹妹有联系吗？

（2）come into contact with   接触，碰上

There I came into contact with some of the finest craftsmen I have ever met.

在那里我接触了一些我曾见过的最好的工匠。

（3）lose contact with   和……失去聯系

The pilot lost contact with the control tower.

飞行员与控制塔失去了联系。

13. all of a sudden   突然间

All of a sudden the lights went out.

突然灯灭了。

Life seemed all of a sudden empty and meaningless.

生活突然显得一片空虚，毫无意义。

14. draw upon/on   利用，凭借，依赖

I shall have to draw upon my savings.

我只好动用我的储蓄了。

A writer has to draw on his imagination and experience.

一个作家不得不依赖于他的想象和经历。

15. in addition to   除此之外

In addition to your good right arm， you have your subtle brain.

除了一条上好的胳膊，你还有一个机灵的头脑。

In addition to being considerate， software must also be smart.

除了要考虑周到，软件还应该是智能的。

比较：in addition to和in addition的区别

in addition to和in addition都有“除了，还有”的意思，但它们的用法是完全不同的。

in addition to相当于一个介词，所以to后面要接宾语;in addition相当于副词，通常放在下一句的句首，后面接完整的句子。

In addition to native plants， this garden contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas.

除了当地的植物，这座花园还有无数来自海外的花草树木。

This garden has the best collection of native plants. In addition， it contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas.

这座花园有当地植物的最佳珍藏。另外，它还有无数来自海外的花草树木。

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

A

Philadelphia offers a ton of attractions that are suitable for people of every age and here are some family-friendly attractions.

Spruce Street Harbor Park

Spruce Street Harbor Park， one of the best urban beaches in America， is an outdoor heaven on the Delaware River waterfront. Visitors can relax in a hammock， play on the playgrounds， and play games like table tennis and giant chess. Dont miss out on the park at night， when colorful LED lights hanging from treetops make the entire area bright.

Blue Cross River Rink

Offering ice skating in the winter and roller skating in the summer， Blue Cross River Rink creates a fun， outdoor experience for the whole family. Visitors can play on the nine-hole mini-golf course during the summer， and enjoy food and drinks from the on-site （现场的） bar and restaurant all year round.

Sesame Place

Big Bird， Elmo and the other stars of Sesame Street come out and play at Sesame Place， the only theme park in the nation starring the popular TV shows most lovable characters. A water park， interactive activities， parades， fireworks and shows add to the fun.

Once Upon a Nation Storytelling Benches

On summer days， uniformed and professional storytellers at 13 storytelling benches throughout Philadelphias Historic District entertain visitors with true， free， three-to-five minute tales about the colonial era as part of Once Upon a Nation. Children can pick up a Story Flag at any storytelling bench， and then collect a star from every storyteller on their journeys. Flags with all the stars can get free rides on the Parx Liberty Carousel at Franklin Square.

1. Spruce Street Harbor Park is mainly for those who ___ .

A. are fond of colorful treetops

B. have a preference for skating

C. are interested in water activities

D. want to enjoy an easy and restful time

2. What do Blue Cross River Rink and Sesame Place have in

common？

A. They are for fun.

B. They provide food.

C. They are for sportspersons.

D. They provide family activities.

3. What can we know about Philadelphia Storytelling Benches？

A. It is open all year round.

B. It is educational for children.

C. It is available at a small charge.

D. It is aimed at serving the public.

B

Miles was born in Alton， a city on the Mississippi River in Illinois on May 26， 1926. Miles father was a dentist， while his mother was a music teacher. Miles had a good childhood， catching fish and riding horses with his older sister and younger brother. He was known as a naughty boy in school.

He recalls his story， “By the age of 12， music had become the most important thing in my life.” His mother， a violinist herself， dearly wanted her son to play the violin. But brass （銅管乐器） was Miles calling， and he remembers arguments between their parents as his dad overruled her to fight his sons corner. He received his first trumpet （小号） in 1935 and began weekly music lessons with his fathers friend Mr Elwood， his life-long teacher.

Talking about his school days， Miles said that Mr Buchanan was the biggest influence on his life. Mr Buchanan was the person who took Miles all the way into music at that time. He wanted to be a musician that he had dreamed.

When he was 16， Miles met his girlfriend， Irene Birth. Although she was a beautiful young woman in many ways， it was her easy-going character that attracted Miles. At the weekends， Miles and Irene would take the bus over the Mississippi River to St. Louis to watch movies and go dancing. Although Miles was too shy to really enjoy dancing， he always felt confident when he danced with Irene.

When he turned 17， she persuaded him to ask for a job in the band—Eddie Handles Blue Devils. It worked. Joining the band was a breakthrough for Miles， and marked the time when he first began to write and arrange music.

4. What can we learn about Miles from Paragraph 1？

A. He caught fish for meals.

B. He had a comfortable family.

C. His parents were strict with him.

D. He had no schooling in his childhood.

5. What does the underlined phrase “fight his sons corner” in Paragraph 2 mean？

A. Defend Miles choice.

B. Hit Miles in the corner.

C. Help his wife to beat Miles.

D. Prevent Miles from choosing music.

6. Who influenced Miles most in music according to the text？

A. His Father. B. His mother.

C. Mr Elwood. D. Mr Buchanan.

7. What is the correct order of Miles life experience？

a. He fell in love with Irene.

b. He began to write and arrange music.

c. He had music lessons with Mr Elwood.

d. He dreamed to be a musician.

A. d→a→c→b B. c→a→b→d

C. c→d→a→b D. d→c→b→a

C

In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest， there still remain unusual groups of indigenous （土著的） people. Surprisingly， these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet， people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony of the French Republic since 1946. In theory， they should live by the French law. However， their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored （忽略） or unknown， thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world.

The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the efforts of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area， which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest， with half its population of only 250，000 living in its capital， Cayenne.

“I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years，” says Gin. “Ive been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I dont see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”

“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life，” continues Gin. “I prefer to work in black and white， which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”

His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic， which brings with it not only necessary state welfare （福利）， but also alcoholism， betrayal and even suicide.

8. Why does the writer feel surprised about the indigenous people

in French Guiana？

A. They seldom follow the French law.

B. They often ignore the Guianese law.

C. They are separated from the modern world.

D. They are both Guianese and French citizens.

9. Gin introduces the special world of the indigenous Guianese

as ___ .

A. a tour guide B. a geographer

C. a film director D. a photographer

10. What is Gins attitude towards the lives of the indigenous

Guianese？

A. Cautious. B. Doubtful.

C. Uninterested. D. Appreciative.

11. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph

refer to？

A. The modern French lifestyle.

B. The self-supporting hunting.

C. The uncivilized world.

D. The French Republic.

D

Sitting too much is linked to changes in a section of the brain that is important for memory， according to a recent study by UCLA researchers of middle-aged and older adults.

Studies show that too much sitting， like smoking， increases the risk of heart disease， diabetes and premature death. Researchers at UCLA want to see how sedentary behavior （sitting for long periods of time） influences brain health， especially regions of the brain that are important to memory formation.

UCLA researchers gathered 35 people aged 45 to 75 and asked about their physical activity levels and the average number of hours per day they spent sitting over the previous work. Each person had a high-resolution MRI scan （掃描）， which provides a detailed look at the medial temporal lobe， or MTL， a brain region involved in the formation of new memories.

The researchers found that sedentary behavior is an important predictor of thinning of the MTL and that physical activity， even at high levels， is not enough to compensate the harmful effects of sitting for long periods.

“This study does not prove that too much sitting causes thinner brain structures， but instead that more hours spent sitting are associated with thinner regions，” researchers said. In addition， the researchers focused on the hours spent sitting， but did not ask participants if they took breaks during this time.

The researchers next hope to follow a group of people for a longer duration to determine if sitting causes the thinning and what role gender （性别）， race， and weight might play in brain health related to sitting.

“MTL thinning can be an indication of cognitive （认知的） decline in middle-aged and older adults. Reducing sedentary behavior may be a possible target for measures designed to improve brain health in people at risk for Alzheimers disease，” researchers said.

12. Researchers carried out the study about sitting too much to

find out ___ .

A. what harm it causes

B. why it is like smoking

C. how it affects brain health

D. whether it causes early death

13. Whats the purpose of the high-resolution MRI scan on the

participants？

A. To examine their memory loss.

B. To examine their MTL conditions.

C. To record their physical activity levels.

D. To record the length of time for their sitting.

14. What do UCLA researchers think of their study？

A. It is a great success.

B. It must target the young.

C. It is of little practical value.

D. It still needs to be improved.

15. What can be the best title for the text？

A. How to Improve Brain Health

B. Long Sitting Is Bad for Your Brain

C. Sitting Causes Many Health Problems

D. An Easy Way to Prevent Memory Loss

Time is something that we all are taking for granted these days. We spend hours watching TV or playing video games， thinking that this is just normal. 1 Every second is valuable and we should rethink of ways of spending our time.

Firstly， spend time in doing things that really matter. Spend time with your family and friends. Enjoy a nice hot meal and eat it slowly. Give yourself time to play and spend enough time in sleeping. 2 But the truth is that the little things matter most in life.

Secondly， you have to know what is done cannot be undone. Do not allow your mind to stay in the past. 3 You have to keep your eyes and ears open to the new opportunity. It may not be an opportunity like an immediate get-rich chance， but it may be an opportunity for new experiences.

4 If you have only one chance to do something for someone， why not do it to the best of your ability？ It should not matter whether you are being rewarded （回報） or not. You will take pride in your work because youve done your best. Trust me， quality efforts will be rewarded in time.

Lastly， every moment you spend in doing things is the time taken from your life. Dont waste your time away working day and night just for money. 5 The value of your time is measured by how you spend it and whom you choose to spend it with.

A. I find this a waste of time.

B. That is not your lifes worth.

C. Every day is a new adventure.

D. Little things like this may seem meaningless.

E. You will get what you want by working hard.

F. Do your best in every task as if the world will end

tomorrow.

G. Spend more time on the important tasks instead of

time-wasters.

1.                2.                3.                4.                5.

While volunteering in Tanzania， my wife and I got the idea of what we call a “street library”. It is because children in our neighborhood were able to read but had no1at all.

We had an idea to make books2to local children who wanted to read. We3a famous international charity for collecting money. We4books in three bookstores of the capital city. My wife Sue5all 180 books with sticky-backed paper to keep them clean. A local man made some boxes to6the books. I made some “library cards” and7to a tailor called Saddiqi， who agreed to keep the boxes in his shop and to8the library. The library was9to open！

Anyone could10with their name and their parents mobile phone number. Saddiqi gave them a11with a number， with which they could read the books only in his shop. I decided it was better to do that than let readers12the books away. There is no13to join the library. Within five days we had over 10014and more were joining each day！ Even though the books are15for children， in different grades of difficulty，16were using the library for free， too.

This project was， I think， one of the most17things we did in Tanzania. It was in some way a thank-you gift to our18for welcoming us so warmly into their lives. The whole19worked together on the street library and thats surely part of the reason it is still20after we left.

1. A. interest B. chance C. plan D. sense

2. A. available B. attractive C. cheap D. useful

3. A. invited B. contacted C. noticed D. remembered

4. A. donated B. read C. found D. ordered

5. A. copied B. translated C. printed D. covered

6. A. sell B. exchange C. store D. exhibit

7. A. reported B. listened C. talked D. wrote

8. A. run B. introduce C. accept D. share

9. A. necessary B. unlikely C. illegal D. ready

10. A. sign up B. come out C. see around D. drop in

11. A. book B. card C. photo D. ticket

12. A. give B. clear C. take D. send

13. A. way B. charge C. data D. need

14. A. librarians B. workers C. members D. teachers

15. A. recently B. frequently C. wisely D. mainly

16. A. babies B. adults C. youths D. foreigners

17. A. helpful B. difficult C. interesting D. surprising

18. A. relatives B. patients C. neighbors D. students

19. A. school B. company C. country D. community

20. A. open B. clean C. new D. famous

下列各句均有1個错误，请改正。

1. Dont let bad websites influence on the young， especially the

children. ____

2. Looking for a job these days can be very depressed. ____

3. The new teaching method combines education to pleasure.

____

4. It has been a long time since your band give concerts in our

hometown. ____

5. All of sudden， I found my dog. ____

1. 我想这些情形很多地方都有。（true of）

2. 一个人说话应该清楚，写作也是这样。（the same with）

3. 我最终在巴黎与她取得了联系。（make contact with）

4. 我想你已经大到可以理解我将与你分享的秘密了。

（share... with...）

5. 把悲伤和欢乐混在一起就是生活。（combine... with...）

跟踪导练（二）

A

San Francisco Fire Engine Tours

San Francisco Winery Tour

Running： February 1st through April 30th

This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer （included in tickets price）.

Departing from the Cannery： Tour times upon request

Duration： 2 hours

Price： $90

Back to the Fifties Tour

Running： August 16th through August 31st

This tour transports you back in time to one of San Franciscos most fantastic periods， the 1950s！ Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.

Departing from the Cannery： 5：00 pm and 7：00 pm

Duration： 2 hours

Price： $90

Spooky Halloween Tour

Running： October 10th through October 31st

Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district.Authentic fire gear （服装） is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.

Departing from the Cannery： 6：30 pm and 8：30 pm

Duration： 1 hour and 30 minutes

Price： Available upon request

Holiday Lights Tour

Running： December 6th through December 23rd

This attractive tour takes you to some of San Franciscos most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.

Departing from the Cannery： 7：00 pm and 9：00 pm

Duration： 1 hour and 30 minutes

Advance bookings required.

1. What tour is available in March？

A. San Francisco Winery Tour. B. Back to the Fifties Tour.

C. Spooky Halloween Tour. D. Holiday Lights Tour.

2. What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tour？

A. Go to Treasure Island. B. Enjoy the holiday scenes.

C. Have free ice cream. D. Visit the Presidio district.

3. What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour？

A. Take some drinks.

B. Wear warm clothes.

C. Make bookings in advance.

D. Set off early in the morning.

B

Sandra Cisneros was born in Chicago in 1954 to a Mexican-American family. As the only girl in a family of seven children， she often felt like she had “seven fathers”， because her six brothers， as well as her father， tried to control her. Feeling shy and unimportant， she retreated （躲避） into books. Despite her love of reading， she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate.

In high school， with the encouragement of one particular teacher， Cisneros improved her grades and worked for the school literary magazine. Later Cisneros attended college， and she found a teacher who helped her join the famous graduate writing program at the University of Iowa. At the universitys Writers Workshop， however， she felt lonely—a Mexican American from a poor neighborhood among students from wealthy families. The feeling of being so different helped Cisneros find her “creative voice”.

“It was not until this moment when I considered myself truly different that my writing acquired a voice. I knew I was a Mexican woman， but I didnt think it had anything to do with why I felt so many imbalances in my life， but it had everything to do with it！ Thats when I decided I would write about something my classmates couldnt write about.”

Cisneros published her first work， The House on Mango Street， when she was twenty-nine. The book tells about a young Mexican-American girl growing up in a Spanish-speaking area in Chicago， much like the neighborhoods in which Cisneros lived as a child. The book won an award in 1985 and has been used in classes from high school through graduate school level. Since then， Cisneros has published several books of poetry， a childrens book， and a short-story collection.

4. What is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood？

A. She had seven brothers.

B. She felt herself a nobody.

C. She was too shy to go to school.

D. She did not have any good teachers.

5. The graduate program gave Cisneros a chance to ___ .

A. work for a school magazine

B. run away from her family

C. develop her writing style

D. make a lot of friends

6. According to Cisneros， what played the decisive role in her success？

A. The early years in college.

B. The childhood experience.

C. The training in the Workshop.

D. The feeling of being different.

7. What do we learn about The House on Mango Street？

A. It is quite popular among students.

B. It is the only book ever written by Cisneros.

C. It wasnt a success as it was written in Spanish.

D. It won an award when Cisneros was twenty-nine.

C

Music is not just a set of sounds and rhythms. Its influence on the brain is much deeper than any other human experience. Keep on reading to know all those amazing powers of music.

A recent study suggests that preterm （早产的） babies appear to experience less pain and feed more when listening to music. Experts led by Dr Manoj Kumar of the University of Alberta， Canada， found that music had a beneficial effect on reducing pain for preterm babies experiencing painful medical tests. It also appeared to benefit full-term babies during operations.

Many people experiencing brain damage have speech and movement-related problems. Music can help recover （恢復健康） from brain injuries. As a different and effective treatment， doctors often advise such patients to listen to good music to improve the parts of the brain responsible for these two functions. When people with neurological （神经系统的） disorders hear a musical beat， it helps them to regain a balanced walk.

Though music cannot make deafness disappear， it really can stave off the loss of hearing. There was an experiment involving 163 people where 74 were musicians. Participants were asked to pass some listening tests. Musicians heard the sounds better than non-musicians， and this difference gets clearer with age. This means that a 70-year-old musician hears better than a 50-year-old non-musician， even in a noisy environment.

Besides， music mends a broken heart. It is not about a thrown-away love， but about a heart attack. The matter is that music can help people recover from a heart attack or heart operation by reducing blood pressure， slowing down the heartbeat rate， and reducing anxiety. Listening to the quality music produces positive emotions， improves the movement of blood， and expands blood vessels， thus， promoting quick recovery of the whole cardiovascular （心血管的） system.

8. How does music affect preterm babies？

A. It helps reduce their pain.

B. It helps develop their intelligence.

C. It helps improve their hearing systems.

D. It helps repair their neurological systems.

9. The underlined phrase “stave off” in Paragraph 4 means “___ ”.

A. lead to B. increase

C. prevent D. break into

10. Why does the writer say “music mends a broken heart”？

A. It has a good effect on human body.

B. It helps patients recover in a slow way.

C. It makes a person feel optimistic about life.

D. It helps people prevent diseases caused by anxiety.

11. What can be the best title for the text？

A. Who Can Benefit from Music

B. The Best Time to Listen to Music

C. The Way to Choose Quality Music

D. How Music Affects Our Mind and Body

D

Fifty percent of the Kenyan top runners are members of the Kalenjins， one minority race of the country. The fact has puzzled sports scientists. What enables the Kalenjin people to run so fast？

A team of Danish sports scientists spent 18 months and discovered the Kalenjins had remarkably slow heart rates even when running long distances. The Kalenjins live in high-altitude （高海拔） villages. People living at high altitudes produce more red blood cells. Scientists believe there is a connection between increased red blood cells and low heart rates and that both may enable high-altitude athletes to outperform those who train at low altitudes. The Danish scientists also studied the bodies of the Kalenjins and compared them to those of the Danes. They found that the Kalenjins have longer “birdlike” legs. The Kalenjins also have lower body mass indexes and shorter bodies than Danish people.

As a result of the Danish study， some scientists made the conclusion that the Kalenjins possess what is called a “speed gene （基因）”. However， Kenyan runners were offended by this conclusion. They credited their success to hard work and endless hours of training.

Although the controversy over the “speed gene” remains unsolved， British runner Mo Farahs experience offers an interesting perspective on the subject. In 2005， he realized he wasnt meeting his potential as a runner. A group of Kenyan runners were training in England then. After he accidentally observed the Kenyans strict training routines and dedication to their sport， Farah began eating healthy foods， going to bed early， and training harder than he had ever trained in his life. As a result， Farahs running career exploded. He has won seven world and Olympic titles in the 5000m and regularly beats Kenyas top runners！

Farahs story proves （證明） what Kenyans have known all along. Regardless of genetics， their success would not be possible without hard work， dedication， sacrifice， and mental toughness. Their “secret” is simple. Train hard， run fast， and never give up.

12. What interested the sports scientists？

A. Kenyan sports history.

B. Kalenjins running ability.

C. Kalenjins training methods.

D. Kenyans enthusiasm for sports.

13. What leads to the Kalenjins success according to Danish scientists？

A. Their physical condition. B. Their hard training.

C. Their lifestyle. D. Their strong will.

14. How did Kenyan runners think about Danish research result？

A. Important. B. Convincing.

C. Unacceptable. D. Astonishing.

15. Why is Mo Farahs story mentioned in the text？

A. To show running methods count.

B. To encourage British athletes.

C. To prove effort pays off.

D. To support gene theory.

Lena Horne was born in Brooklyn， New York in 1917. Her mother was away for much of her1 . So her grandmother helped raise her.

At the age of sixteen， Lena2a job as a dancer at the famous Cotton Club in New York City. After3voice lessons， she soon began performing there as a singer too. At the age of nineteen， Lena moved to Pittsburgh and4Louis Jones， who was an actor.5 ， their life together did not last long. But they had two6 ， Gail and Edwin.

In 1940， Lena Horne became the first African-American to travel and7with an all-white jazz band. She also made8and performed at New York Citys Café Society jazz club. This was the first nightclub in the United States9racial barriers. Many jazz clubs during this period had black performers， but few10them to watch the performance as part of the11 .

Lena Horne became very12 . After performing at a club in Hollywood， California， she caught the attention of13 . So with the help of some filmmakers， she soon14making movies. Lena Horne said that she was able to make movies because she was the kind of black person that white people could15 . But she said this was the16kind of acceptance. It was for the way she17 ， not for how good she was or how hard she worked.

However， through her hard work， she helped18racial barriers. During her sixty-year career as a performer， Lena Horne earned peoples19and respect. She used her fame to20social injustices toward African-Americans.

1. A. dream B. education C. life D. childhood

2. A. disliked B. found C. lost D. wanted

3. A. taking B. giving C. designing D. making

4. A. saw B. disappointed C. married D. surprised

5. A. Excitingly B. Amazingly C. Happily D. Unfortunately

6. A. relatives B. parents C. friends D. children

7. A. perform B. play C. stay D. communicate

8. A. promises B. decisions C. excuses D. records

9. A. without B. on C. for D. about

10. A. encouraged B. allowed C. interested D. forced

11. A. participants B. learners C. audience D. people

12. A. popular B. hard-working C. anxious D. tired

13. A. bosses B. guests C. managers D. filmmakers

14. A. stopped B. preferred C. enjoyed D. began

15. A. expect B. accept C. contact D. consider

16. A. worst B. slowest C. highest D. biggest

17. A. talked B. sang C. looked D. acted

18. A. protect B. break C. exchange D. show

19. A. sorrow B. money C. pity D. love

20. A. disagree B. violate C. fight D. present

We all know clean water is important for good health. But now we also know we should watch1we keep our water in. Plastic bottles hardened with a dangerous material2（call） BPA can release （释放） a chemical into our water that harms our bodies. Since 2011， many countries3（ban） plastic with BPA from use in food containers and baby bottles. But are other non-BPA plastics safe？

Plastics labeled BPA-free might use other chemicals that have harmful health effects.4（study） have shown that low levels of those chemicals might have the same effects5   BPA. So， what should people do？ The6（good） material to drink from is glass， which has no chemicals that can contaminate （污染） water.

Another good choice for drink containers7（be）stainless steel （不锈钢）. Stainless steel bottles are better than aluminum bottles， which are covered with a thin plastic lining （內层）8（protect） the metal from acids. There are many good food-grade stainless steel water bottles on the market.

If you do decide to use9reusable plastic water bottle， avoid 10（keep） it in the sun. Sunlight and hot liquid speed up the release of chemicals into your drinking water.

1.                2.                3.                4.                5.

6.                7.                8.                9.                10.

As teenagers， we should attach great important to reading. Reading can benefit from us teenagers a great deal. Firstly， reading improves our school grades. Secondly， reading helps us expanding our horizons. Thirdly， reading may contribute to finding solutions to their own problems. Finally， reading is a enjoyable experience.

It is strongly suggested that our spare time is made full use of read as much as possible. We teenagers should stay devoted to read what we are interested in. Besides， we should active participate in some activities that are related to reading， what we can not only get our knowledge enriched but also gain a lot of pleasure.

用方框里單词的正确形式填空，使其句意完整。

ambition combine compose contact depress

express  interpret regarding relative same

1. My cousin is my nearest ____ and he lives in Beijing.

2. Historians find difficulty in ____ certain records.

3. We think it important that theory should ____ with practice.

4. The rainy weather in this city always ____ me.

5. Are outgoing people more enthusiastic and less anxious about making ____ with others？

6. String Quartet No. 1 is an early musical work， ____ in California in 1941.

7. My ____ is to become a film star， but its probably just a flight of fancy.

8. If you have any questions ____ the tour， please feel free to ask me.

9. This is the ____ boat that we rented last year.

10. I am not good at ____ myself; I often get misunderstood.

1. 从三年前开始我一直在学英语。（since）

2. 这几幅图增加了这本书的生气。（give life to）

3. 同学们都安全到家了，我们大大松了一口气。（relief）

4.自从上周那次不幸的事故以来，我一直睡得很不好。（unfortunate）

5. 他们的汽车大些，所以更舒适些。（therefore）

跟踪导练（三）

A

British Museum Visitor Rules

Admission

We warmly welcome you on your visit to the Museum. In the interests of the security of all our visitors we ask you to follow these visitor rules.

Admission to the Museum is free， but we may charge for entry to some exhibitions and events.

Opening hours

We open the Museums galleries daily from 10：00 until 17：30. We keep selected galleries open until 20：30 on Fridays.

The Museums Great Court is open from 9：00 until 18：00， except on Fridays when it remains open until 20：30.

You are asked to begin leaving up to ten minutes before closing time.

The Museum is closed on 24—26 December and 1 January.

Food and drink

You arent allowed to eat food and drink inside the Museum， except in places such as the restaurants and cafes or the forecourt. Families with children may use the Ford Center for Young Visitors in the basement of the Museums Great Court at weekends and during school holidays.

Animals

If you have a disability， you may be followed in the Museum by your guide or an assistant animal. You arent allowed to bring animals into the Museum in any other case.

Film， photography and audio recording

Except where shown by notice， youre permitted to use hand-held cameras （including mobile phones） with flash bulbs or flash units and audio and film recording equipment not requiring a stand. You may use your photographs， film and audio recordings only for your own private and non-business purposes.

1. What are the visitor rules mainly for？

A. Protecting exhibits.

B. Keeping visitors safe.

C. Increasing entry charges.

D. Controlling the entry of visitors.

2. When can you visit the British Museum？

A. At 18：30 on most Fridays.

B. At 11：00 on Christmas Day.

C. At 17：55 on some weekends.

D. At 10：15 on New Years Day.

3. What can visitors do in the British Museum？

A. Record films for sale.

B. Take along their pet dogs.

C. Eat and drink as they like.

D. Take photos for personal use.

B

Jerome Karle and Isabella Lugoski met in their first physical chemistry class in 1940. Jerome Karle was in his first year of doctoral work， Isabella Lugoski was in her last year as an undergraduate， and they were laboratory partners. However， they didnt get along well at first.

Isabella Lugoski looked back on the past， “I walked into the physical chemistry laboratory and theres a young man at the desk next to mine with his equipment all set up running his experiment. I dont think I was very polite about my question. I asked him how he got there early and had everything all set up. He didnt like that. So we didnt talk to each other for a while.”

Their relationship got going as they competed for the top grade in that course and they started to build connection because both of them were interested in chemistry. They married in 1942. By 1946， both of the Karles had earned doctorates in physical chemistry， and， after working at the University of Chicago for a period of time， they moved to Washington DC to join the US Naval Research Laboratory.

Jerome focused on developing equations （方程式） that could determine how atoms （原子） were arranged inside complex molecules （分子）， while Isabella ran practical experiments to test how well the equations worked. Working together， they created what is now called the direct method for determining molecular structures， which has allowed scientists to effectively study and copy complex organic molecules to continue further study.

Jerome Karle was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1985. Although he was disappointed that the Nobel committee had ignored Isabellas contribution to that work， she was unfazed. At that point， she had already won more awards and prize money for her experimental work than he had.

4. What did Isabella Lugoski do when she first met Jerome Karle？

A. She scolded him for arriving late.

B. She asked him a question impolitely.

C. She set up all his equipment for him.

D. She observed his experiment silently.

5. What made Jerome Karle and Isabella Lugoski become connected？

A. Their common interest in chemistry.

B. Their pleasant first talk in a laboratory.

C. Their great success in university courses.

D. Their sitting next to each other for classes.

6. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about？

A. How the Karles worked with others.

B. Why the Karles won the Nobel Prize.

C. The Karles encouraging further study.

D. The Karles good teamwork in science.

7. The underlined word “unfazed” in the last paragraph probably means “___ ”.

A. generous B. touched

C. shocked D. calm

C

With smart technology increasingly influencing all aspects of our lives， it is only a matter of time before someone invents “smart” shoes—ones that can be made based on personal needs.

Called “ShiftWear”， the sneakers （運动鞋） can be customized by using a smart phone app. Shoe owners will have the option of choosing a design from a variety of HD patterns by famous artists or creating one themselves. The companys founders imagine a marketplace where artists can not only share but also sell their designs to others. Despite being electronic， the designs are clearly visible even in the brightest sunlight. Whats even cooler is that by switching on a backlight， users can even show off their designs in the dark！

The bottom part of the shoes is covered with Kevler fibers， a kind of strong material， reducing normal wear and tear. They are completely waterproof and can even be thrown into an ordinary laundry machine for a quick wash！

The sneakers will keep their charge （充電量） “forever” if only images （图像） are displayed. Though they will need periodic recharging， active users have nothing to worry about. Thats because the shoes are equipped with special Walk-N-Charge technology that powers the shoes—with every step. Inactive users also have options of charging the sneakers without using wires.

The company predicts that the shoes will range the price from $150 to $1，000 depending on the size of the e-paper panels （嵌条） where the designs are displayed.

This is not the first time that electronics and shoes have combined. Lithuania-based iShuh Technologies has come up with a similar concept that connects e-reader panels to a smart phone app via the Bluetooth. Whether these smart shoes become as popular as our smart devices remains to be seen， though they surely are attractive.

8. What can we know about ShiftWear from the text？

A. The designers make sure every pair of it is special.

B. Its electronic designs cannot be seen clearly at night.

C. It has to be washed by hand to protect the electronics.

D. The bottom of it can last longer due to special materials.

9. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about？

A. How the sneakers are designed.

B. How the sneakers are charged.

C. What images the sneakers show.

D. What technology the sneakers carry.

10. The varied prices of the sneakers mainly depend on ___ .

A. the length of the shoes

B. the designers of the shoes

C. the materials of their bottoms

D. the size of their e-paper panels

11. How does the writer feel about the future market of the sneakers？

A. Negative. B. Anxious.

C. Uncertain. D. Confident.

D

US Geological Survey research geologist， Rob Thieler， is combining science and smartphone technology to help study an endangered bird， the Atlantic coast piping plover.

The piping plover is a shorebird that breeds （繁殖） along the Atlantic coast， the Great Lakes and the Great Plains. Rising sea levels associated with climate change， as well as increased development in their beach habitats， threaten the species. To help track changes in piping plover habitats， Thieler developed a free app called iPlover in 2012. This is a marked change from the typical way scientists collect data， which involves gathering information using specialized equipment or writing in notebooks and then putting into spreadsheets.

Since releasing iPlover， scientists have gathered data across 1，500 km of breeding range. That equals about a third of the distance across the US， which is a large area to cover for only two thousand breeding pairs of piping plovers on the east coast. Instead of having to travel and spend days at each site， a number of cooperators in the field use the app to collect and send data， allowing scientists to gather data more efficiently. It also allows them to collect data at the same time during each breeding season， providing a better picture of changes that happen over longer periods of time. And fast， centralized access means scientists can look at data quickly to get a real-time idea of where and how piping plovers are using their habitats.

While iPlover is used by trained field staff， other apps like the US Geological Surveys web-based “iCoast—Did the Coast Change？” invite citizen scientists to identify coastal changes by comparing birds-eye-view photographs taken before and after storms. All the information scientists and citizen scientists alike collect helps federal and state agencies create policy plans for addressing climate change impacts worldwide.

12. What can we learn about the piping plover？

A. Its behavior is changing.

B. Its habitat is growing bigger.

C. Its living environment is becoming worse.

D. Its breeding is limited to the Atlantic coast.

13. Why did Thieler develop iPlover？

A. To study global climate change.

B. To study shorelines across America.

C. To advance information technology.

D. To monitor changes of piping plover habitats.

14. Which of the following benefits the shorebirds？

A. The camping equipment. B. Research on smartphones.

C. The changeable coast. D. Progress in technology.

15. What should be the best title for the text？

A. Rob Thieler， a Creative Scientist

B. Protecting Endangered Shorebirds

C. iPlover， Tool for Training Field Staff

D. Differences between iPlover and iCoast

“A robbery （搶劫）...” a voice came from the radio. Having trouble staying1 ， John was driving home late last night from a trip. Hearing this， he turned2the radio and tried to fix his attention on the3 ， but his eyes kept on closing.

It was then that he4a hitchhiker （搭便车者） by the road. Without even thinking about what he was5 ， he stopped the car.

“To Midrille？ Get in.” The hitchhiker got in and immediately John was6that he had picked him up. The young man had a7face and long hair. When John asked him questions about himself， he changed the8 .

John9the news. He began to sweat and his thoughts10nervously to all the money he was11 .

At the next small town he stopped his car and said， “Im sorry. Im so12that I cant drive you to Midrille. I think Ill find a13and spend the night.”

The young man slowly14into his pocket. “This is it！” thought John. At that15moment he considered shouting for help， but instead of a gun， the hitchhiker pulled out several16 . “Oh， no. I dont want your money. Just get out. Okay？”

The young man looked17 . He insisted on18John the money. John watched until his19had disappeared from sight， then stepped on the20and drove out of town.

1. A. alert B. excited C. strong D. awake

2. A. on B. off C. up D. over

3. A. weather B. news C. speed D. way

4. A. accepted B. expected C. noticed D. greeted

5. A. doing B. planning C. saying D. losing

6. A. interesting B. sad C. angry D. sorry

7. A. happy B. smiling C. strange D. handsome

8. A. place B. subject C. question D. face

9. A. remembered B. disliked C. heard D. forgot

10. A. ran B. got C. headed D. turned

11. A. paying B. having C. carrying D. borrowing

12. A. afraid B. hungry C. cold D. sleepy

13. A. restaurant B. shop C. hotel D. station

14. A. reached B. plugged C. went D. put

15. A. important B. very C. quiet D. great

16. A. knives B. photos C. guns D. bills

17. A. frightened B. confused C. worried D. curious

18. A. giving B. showing C. returning D. presenting

19. A. driver B. passenger C. friend D. robber

20. A. door B. window C. gas D. motor

Viennese-born composer Frederick Loewe， who we remember for his classical musicals including My Fair Lady and Camelot，1（be） not always famous. He studied the piano from the great masters of Europe and achieved huge success as a2（music） and composer in his early years. But after he immigrated to the United States， he failed3a pianist. For a while he tried other4（type） of work including gold mining and boxing.5he never gave up his dream and continued to play the piano and create music.

During those difficult years， he could not always afford6（make） payments on his piano. One day，7（bend） over the keyboard， he could hear nothing but the music that he played with such rare inspiration.8he finished and looked up， he was astonished to find that he had an audience of three men who9（seat） on the floor.

They said nothing and made no movement toward the piano. Instead， they dug into their pockets， pooled together enough money for the payment， placed it on the piano and walked out， empty-handed.10（move） by the beauty of his music， these men recognized excellence and responded to it.

1.                2.                3.                4.                5.

6.                7.                8.                9.                10.

用方框里單词的正确形式填空，使其句意完整。

dance billboard collection charm draw

honour mythology relax signify sing

1. Lily ____ us all when she came into the room.

2. He felt very ____ and happy to read the papers.

3. I go to the market place where collectors buy and sell their ____ .

4. The moonlight was bright， and the flowers ____ to the melody.

5. Re-read your previous essays for potential ideas and information， which you may want ____ upon.

6. By raising his hand he ____ that he had some questions.

7. He added an appealing and memorable figure to the popular American ____ .

8. The soldiers gave their lives to their country and ____ as heroes.

9. I read this poem from the ____ .

10. I can hear Tom____ in the next room.

下列各句均有1个错误，请改正。

1. Mary and I are going to spend the weekend relax ourselves.

____

2. The lifeboat rescued dozen people and took them to a larger ship.

____

3. We are going to give a welcome meeting at honour of Mr Clark.

____

4. I wont stand your talk to me like that. ____

5. I like to dance with the music. ____

1. 他们可能会利用历史证据来支持他们的观点。（draw upon）

2. 除英语外，他还要学第二外语。（in addition to）

3. 他把他所有的书都赠送给了图书馆。（present）

4. 我突然希望门前有条小河。（all of a sudden）

5. 这次失败让他意志消沉。（depress）

跟踪导练（四）

阅读理解

A

Golden Gate Bridge

Located in San Francisco， the Golden Gate Bridge started in the year 1933 to connect the San Francisco Peninsula with Marin County. It was finally thrown open to public traffic in 1937. Till the year 1957， the Golden Gate Bridge， at a length of 2，737 meters， was the longest suspension bridge （悬索桥） in the world.

Brooklyn Bridge

The Brooklyn Bridge is located in Brooklyn. Having been opened in the year 1883， it is one of the oldest suspension bridges in the United States. The length of the bridge is 1，825 meters. The bridge has been featured in several Hollywood movies.

George Washington Bridge

Also known as the Hudson River Bridge and the Columbus Bridge， the George Washington Bridge which connects Fort Lee to Manhattan came into use in 1931 after a construction period of almost 4 years. It is a two-level suspension bridge.

Mackinac Bridge

This is the third biggest suspension bridge in the world at a length of 8，038 meters. The architect of this bridge was Dr David Steinman who directed the construction of the bridge which started in the year 1954 and opened to the public in 1958. People using this bridge are charged a certain amount of money.

Navajo Bridge

Located in Arizona， this bridge crosses the Colorado River and is almost 250 meters long. The construction of this bridge started in the year 1927， ending two years later. In the 1990s a second bridge was built which was opened to the public in 1994. The first bridge is now used only by pedestrians.

1. What can we learn about the Golden Gate Bridge？

A. It consists of two bridges.

B. It costs the least of the five bridges.

C. It is the longest suspension bridge in the world.

D. It takes about 4 years to complete its construction.

2. What bridge was built the earliest？

A. Golden Gate Bridge. B. Brooklyn Bridge.

C. George Washington Bridge. D. Navajo Bridge.

3. What is TRUE about Mackinac Bridge？

A. It covers nearly 8，125 meters.

B. It took almost 3 years to construct it.

C. You have to pay some money to cross it.

D. You can see the statue of Dr David Steinman on it.

B

In the kitchen of my mothers houses there has always been a wooden stand （木架） with a small notepad （記事本） and a hole for a pencil.

Over forty years since my earliest memories of the kitchen pad and pencil， five houses later， the current paper and pencil look the same as they always did. Surely it cant be the same pencil. The pad is more modern， but the wooden stand is definitely the original one.

“Im just amazed you still have the same stand after all these years. You still use a pencil. Cant you afford a pen？” I say to my mother. She replies a little sharply. “It works perfectly well. Ive always kept the stand in the kitchen. I never knew when I might want to note down an idea， and I was always in the kitchen in those days.”

Immediately I can picture her， hair wild， blue housecoat covered in flour， a wooden spoon in one hand， the pencil in the other， her mouth moving silently. My mother smiles and says， “One day I was cooking and watching baby Pauline， and I had a brilliant thought， but the stand was empty. One of the children must have taken the paper. So I just picked up the breadboard and wrote it all down on the back. It turned out to be a real breakthrough for solving the mathematical problem I was working on.”

This story reminds me how extraordinary my mother was， and is， as a gifted mathematician. I feel embarrassed that I complain about not having enough child-free time to work. Later， when my mother is in the bathroom， I go into her kitchen and turn over the breadboards. Sure enough， on the back of the smallest one， are some penciled marks I recognize as mathematics. Those symbols have traveled unaffected through fifty years， rooted in the soil of a cheap wooden breadboard， invisible exhibits at every meal.

4. What is the writers original opinion on the wooden stand？

A. It has great value for the family.

B. It should be passed on to her children.

C. It needs to be replaced by a better one.

D. It brings her back to the lonely childhood.

5. Why does the writers mother always keep the notepad and pencil in the kitchen？

A. To leave messages.

B. To list her everyday tasks.

C. To note down maths problems.

D. To write down a flash of inspiration.

6. The writer feels embarrassed for ___ .

A. not making good use of time

B. misunderstanding her mother

C. giving her mother a lot of trouble

D. not making any breakthrough in her field

7. In the writers mind， her mother is ___ .

A. strange in behavior

B. careless about her looks

C. fond of collecting old things

D. enthusiastic about her research

C

Weve all been in a situation where we ask our friend to the restaurant for lunch and find ourselves waiting at a table alone. We look around the room， notice all the other customers dining with someone， and suddenly become insecure that were alone. Instead of starting a conversation with someone， we rush to grab our phones and stare at the screen until we are finally rescued by our late friend.

Long gone are the days when we start a conversation with the person next to us while sitting on the subway during the morning or evening commute. However， small talk， as well as the willingness to engage （參与） in it， is very important.

When humans engage in small talk， it actually provides a feeling of happiness. Those who socially interact are likely to increase their happiness and health， while others who shy away from social interaction are reported to feel disappointed and unhealthy， according to The Huffington Post. And small talk not only keeps us feeling happy and healthy， but teaches us how to stay calm in situations that we might not normally find ourselves in. Instead of feeling anxious and nervous， starting a conversation with people you dont know helps calm the nerves and provides a feeling of inclusion. An unfamiliar event with people you dont know suddenly becomes gratifying.

But perhaps the most important reason why everyone should learn to engage in small talk is that it teaches us how to listen and truly form relationships. By asking a stranger some questions and showing interest in them， it helps establish new relationships， whether they are personal or business-related.

You should learn how to connect with someone and identify with people you dont know. So next time youre alone in a public place， try to reach out to others and start a conversation. Its really not that hard.

8. Paragraph 1 suggests nowadays we tend to be ___ .

A. anxious about being single

B. addicted to smart phones

C. impatient with late friends

D. unwilling to communicate with strangers

9. What does the underlined word “gratifying” in Paragraph 3

mean？

A. Typical. B. Peaceful.

C. Enjoyable. D. Instructive.

10. How many benefits of small talk are mentioned in the text？

A. Two. B. Three.

C. Four. D. Five.

11. What does the writer think most valuable for taking small talk？

A. Learning some social skills.

B. Avoiding negative emotions.

C. Developing new relationships.

D. Having more people to turn to.

D

Mosquitoes （蚊子） have an extraordinary ability to target humans far away and fly straight to their unprotected skin. Regrettably， mosquitoes can do more than cause an itchy （發痒的） wound. Some mosquitoes spread several serious diseases， including Dengue， yellow fever and malaria.

Over one million people worldwide die from these diseases each year. New research now shows how mosquitoes choose who to bite.

Mosquitoes need blood to survive. They are attracted to human skin and breath. They smell the carbon dioxide gas， which all mammals breathe out. This gas is the main way for mosquitoes to know that a warm-blooded creature is nearby.

But mosquitoes also use their eyes and sense of touch. Michael Dickinson is a professor at the California Institute of Technology. His research shows how these small insects， with even smaller brains， use three senses to find a blood meal.

Michael Dickinsons team used plumes—a material that rises into the air of carbon dioxide gas into a wind tunnel. They then used cameras to record the mosquitoes. The insects followed the plume.

Then， the scientists placed dark objects on the lighter- colored floor and walls of the tunnel. Mr Dickinson said， at first， the mosquitoes showed no interest in the objects at all.

“What was quite surprising is that the mosquitoes fly back and forth for hours. These are hungry females and they completely ignore the objects on the floor and walls of the tunnel. But the moment they get a hit of CO2 ， they change their behavior quite obviously and now would become attracted to these little visual blobs （斑點）.”

This suggested to the researchers that a mosquitos sense of smell is more important in the search for food. Once mosquitoes catch a smell of a human or animal， they also follow visual signals.

12. What do mosquitoes mainly use to find their targets？

A. Sense of smell. B. Sense of touch.

C. Sense of sight. D. Smart brains.

13. The first response of the mosquitoes to the objects in the

experiment is ___ .

A. to fly to the dark ones

B. to take no notice of them

C. to catch and stick to them

D. to attach themselves to them

14. How can we avoid being attacked by mosquitoes according

to the text？

A. Try to keep away from them.

B. Use dark objects to stop them.

C. Let them fly back and forth for hours.

D. Attract them to objects full of carbon dioxide gas.

15. What can be the best title for the text？

A. How Do Mosquitoes Survive？

B. Why Do Mosquitoes Need Blood？

C. How Do Mosquitoes Choose to Bite You？

D. Why Do Mosquitoes Attack the Human Being？

Its a nightmare to have to wait for exam results.  If youre stressed out after taking your exams， dont worry. There are some steps you can take to calm down and reduce your stress.

Take some deep breaths. Stress and anxiety can trigger your bodys “fight-or-flight” response， making your breaths shallow and rapid.  Put one hand on your chest and the other on your abdomen （腹部）. As you breathe， you should feel your abdomen expands along with your chest.

Try not to go over the exam in depth afterwards. Some people find it comforting to talk to friends about what they have written. However， it only makes you worry about the answers you cant change. It is also a bad idea because your brain does not perform well under stressful conditions.

Get some exercise to relax. You might feel like hitting the gym or going for a run directly after an exam， and doing some exercise is a great way to reduce stress！  After the exam， try doing exercise like jogging， swimming or cycling. Regular exercise has been shown to decrease stress and improve your sleep.

Regardless of the results， you should celebrate the fact that you have worked hard on your exams. Reward yourself by doing something you enjoy.

A. Do something enjoyable to relax.

B. Spend time with positive people.

C. Laughter is really the best medicine.

D. Fight this stress response by taking deep breaths.

E. It can produce a kind of chemical to improve your mood.

F. You may feel like you perform much worse than you

actually do.

G. The situation will be worse if you arent sure of your

performance.

1.                2.                3.                4.                5.

Ive always loved tomatoes. Every year on my birthday， my dad would tell me how my mother had been1tomatoes right before he came to see me. “Thats because you love them so much，” hed say. After that， hed2me a bag of tomatoes. It was our special3 .

Not this year，4 . Just two months before my birthday， Dad passed away. I told my husband that I didnt even want to5a tomato. It just wouldnt be the same unless they came from Dad.6 ， only my husband and kids knew about Dads7birthday gift and what it meant. I told them not to send me any tomatoes.

When my birthday arrived， I went out for8with a friend. It was a good way to take my9away from the sadness I was feeling. As I10after the meal， a white grocery bag appeared on my front porch （門廊）， tied at the top in a bow. My heart skipped a11and tears came to my eyes. Sure enough， when I12it， I saw that it was full of tomatoes. I had told my13no tomatoes！ I thought14 . If it wasnt from Dad， it didnt mean anything.

Later， my daughter15 . “Mom， Im so sorry about the tomatoes，” she said. “So youre the one who did that，” I said unhappily. “No， Mom， I didnt put them there，” she16 . Her husband， Travis， had17a bag of tomatoes from his dad that afternoon. “He knew you liked tomatoes， so he thought of18them with you. I had no idea what he did—he didnt even know it was your birthday.”

My daughter19again and put the phone down， but I became20 . Travis didnt know what the tomatoes meant to me， but someone did. And he made sure I got my birthday gift， even if my dad couldnt give it to me himself.

1. A. selling B. growing C. packing D. cooking

2. A. post B. hand C. promise D. show

3. A. event B. festival C. meeting D. tradition

4. A. though B. too C. either D. therefore

5. A. buy B. boil C. see D. cut

6. A. Gradually B. Carefully C. Thankfully D. Hopefully

7. A. timely B. yearly C. partly D. monthly

8. A. advice B. help C. joy D. dinner

9. A. attention B. strength C. relief D. heart

10. A. worked B. walked C. rested D. returned

11. A. blow B. beat C. push D. step

12. A. carried B. caught C. opened D. found

13. A. friends B. family C. workmates D. neighbors

14. A. confusedly B. alertly C. excitedly D. angrily

15. A. called B. complained C. arrived D. cried

16. A. shouted B. admitted C. announced D. explained

17. A. bought B. collected C. received D. borrowed

18. A. sharing B. exchanging C. leaving D. eating

19. A. guessed B. answered C. apologized D. argued

20. A. interested B. inspired C. proud D. calm

My childhood friends just called me after 20 years absence. He moved away in his 11th grade. I dont have his number， address， and any other information. He was simple gone. Finally just at chance my brother came across him while do his job. Perhaps this is what is called one-in-a-million chance. I started crying when I heard their voice. I never knew  that how important it is to have a friend that loves and supports you in life. So I want to express my thanks to all my best friends in the world. It is you who has helped me make a difference in life.

假定你是李華，你校将举办音乐周活动。请用英语写封邮件邀请外教Mr Smith参加音乐周的开幕式，内容包括：

1.写邮件的目的;

2.开幕式的时间和地点;

3.活动安排;

4.表达期望。

注意：

1.词数100左右;

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Mr Smith，

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

Moon River

月亮河

Moon river， wider than a mile

Im crossin you in style some day

Oh， dream maker， you heart breaker

Wherever youre goin， Im goin your way

Two drifters， off to see the world

Theres such a lot of world to see

Were after the same rainbows end， waitin round the bend

My huckleberry friend， Moon River， and me

（Moon river， wider than a mile）

（Im crossin you in style some day）

Oh， dream maker， you heart breaker

Wherever youre goin， Im goin your way

Two drifters， off to see the world

Theres such a lot of world to see

Were after that same rainbows end， waitin round the bend

My huckleberry friend， Moon River， and me.

月亮河，河流宽又阔，

我终有一天要渡过。

旧梦织成，心儿残破，

你无论去何处，我追随不舍。

你和我一同去漂泊，

看沧海桑田有几多。

你我弯向彩虹尽头，一路去探索，

我亲爱的好伙伴，月亮河和我。

（月亮河，河流宽又阔）

（我终有一天要渡过）

旧梦织成，心儿残破，

你无论去何处，我追随不舍。

你和我一同去漂泊，

看沧海桑田有几多。

你我弯向彩虹尽头，一路去探索，

我亲爱的好伙伴，月亮河和我。