淀山湖浮游植物生物完整性指数的构建及水生态健康评价

王霞 郭凯娟 李晓旭 庞婉婷 尤庆敏 王全喜

摘  要： 于2019年1月、4月、7月和10月在淀山湖共开展了4次水质及浮游植物调查，构建了淀山湖浮游植物生物完整性指数，来评价淀山湖水生态健康状况. 采用综合营养状态指数（TSI）值法的划分标准来确定参考点与受损点，将19个应用广泛且入选率较高的指标作为侯选生物指标，并对候选指标进行分布范围检验、判别能力分析、指数间的相关性分析，最终获得组成淀山湖浮游植物生物完整性指数（P-IBI）的5個参数：硅藻物种数、浮游植物丰富度指数、绿藻密度百分比、隐藻密度百分比和浮游植物总生物量. 应用P-IBI对淀山湖水生态健康状况进行评价：从整体来看淀山湖处于亚健康状态，其中处于健康、亚健康和良状态的点位分别为1，8和3个;春季和冬季处于亚健康状态，夏季和秋季处于良状态. P-IBI与水体透明度（SD）呈极显著正相关，与叶绿素a（Chl a）和总磷（TP）呈极显著或显著负相关.

关键词： 浮游植物; 浮游植物生物完整性指数（P-IBI）; 淀山湖; 水生态健康

中图分类号：  Q 948.8     文献标志码： A    文章编号： 1000-5137（2021）01-0039-11

Abstract： A total of four time surveys on water quality and its phytoplankton of Dianshan Lake in Shanghai，China were carried out in January，April，July and October 2019. Phytoplanktonic index of biotic integrity （P-IBI） was constructed to assess the water health condition of Dianshan Lake. The comprehensive nutritional status index （TSI） is used to determine the reference sites and the impaired sites，19 biological indexes with widely application and high selection rates were used as candidate biological indexes，and the candidate indexes were tested for the distribution，discriminant analysis，correlation analysis. Finally，five parameters composing the P-IBI of Dianshan Lake were obtained：number of diatom species，phytoplankton richness index，percentage of Chlorophyta density，percentage of Cryptophyta density，and total phytoplankton biomass. P-IBI was used to evaluate the ecosystem health of the lake. On the whole，Dianshan Lake is in the state of sub-healthy. Among them，there are one，eight and three points in the healthy，sub-healthy and good state respectively. It is sub-healthy when in spring and winter，and good when in summer and autumn. P-IBI has a very significant positive correlation with water transparency （SD），and a very significant negative correlation with Chlorophyll a （Chl a） and total phosphorus （TP）.

Key words： phytoplankton; phytoplanktonic index of biotic integrity （P-IBI）; Dianshan Lake; water ecological health

0  引言

生物完整性指数（IBI）评价法最早由KARR等[1]在1981年对鱼类研究时所建立，经过修正和完善，扩展到大型底栖无脊椎动物[2-4]、藻类[5]等.IBI中每种生物指标都对一类或多类干扰反应敏感，可用于描述生物特性和人类干扰之间的相互关系，从而间接反映水域生态系统健康受到影响的程度.IBI目前已在世界各地得到应用，并被证实适用于多种类型的水体评价.IBI由多……