王季良
同样一个意思或意念,不同的民族往往有不同的表达方法。遇到这种情况时,翻译者必须细心地对两种语言加以对比、研究,然后用符合译入语的表达方式译过来,而不宜按着外文照搬到另一种语言中来。
英语中否定词的位置,就是在翻译时宜多加注意的一个问题。下面提出几个应注意的常见方面,作初步探讨。
一、… not… because…
1. The Russians are not supporting Egypt in an expensive way against Israel because they love the colour of Gamal Abdel Nassers moustache.
[误] 俄国人并没有花大量的钱支持埃及反對以色列,因为他们喜欢纳赛尔胡子的颜色。
[正] 俄国人花大量的钱支持埃及反对以色列,并不是因为他们喜欢纳赛尔胡子的颜色。
2. It was understood the first floating supply depots would soon be tested in Southeast Asian waters. This area was not selected because of the present crisis in Vietnam but because it was the toughest area to make such a test.
据悉,第一批浮动供应仓库将很快在东南亚海面进行试验。之所以选定这个地区,并不是因为目前越南的危机,而是因为这是进行这种试验的条件最严酷的地区。
3. If the United Nations was to guard the weak and guarantee their independence with integrity then they must not yield to the temptation to put public pressures on the reasonable nations because they felt that they could in the last resort “be relied upon to be decent and give way.”
如果联合国要卫护弱国,保障它们的独立和完整,那么它就决不应当因为它认为最终可以“信赖”讲道理的国家“会守规矩和让步”而禁不住对它们施加公开的压力。
在上述三例中,可以看到not都是修饰because的,而不是修饰它所紧靠的动词的。按逻辑,not是应该放在because之前,而且也有人这样写。但英美人更习惯于把not提前到前面principal clause动词后面,紧靠动词,这是应该注意的。同时这类句子如照原文次序译,必然会违背事实、违背逻辑而造成错误,如例1的误译。
但是必须注意:还有一些… not... because...的句子不能这样译,而必须按原次序译才对。例如:
Justice Minister Danh Song told UPI today that the Cambodian government did not consider the two young men prisoners of war because “the North Vietnamese have never declared war on our country.” (UPI Kate Webb)
司法部部长邓灿今天对本社记者说,柬埔寨政府并不把这两个青年视为战俘,因为“北越从未对我国宣战”。……