Omega-3脂肪酸在预防乳腺癌化疗患者口腔黏膜炎中的效果

黄晓莉　叶津津　唐月莲

[摘要]目的 觀察Omega-3脂肪酸在预防乳腺癌化疗患者口腔黏膜炎中的效果。 方法 选取2018年3月至2019年10月我院住院乳腺癌化疗患者120例为研究对象，按照随机数字表法将其随机分为对照组和试验组，每组各60例，对照组患者给予醋酸氯已定常规口腔治疗，试验组在对照组的基础上加服Omega-3脂肪酸。并对两组患者口腔真菌感染、牙周健康和口腔黏膜炎严重程度状况进行比较。 结果 试验组患者的真菌感染率为5.00%（3/60），明显低于对照组的16.67%（10/60），差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.227，P<0.05）;试验组患者的菌斑指数为（1.32±0.25）、牙龈指数为（1.27±0.22），明显低于对照组的（2.41±0.33）、（2.19±0.39），差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;试验组患者的口腔黏膜炎分级 0 级比例为81.67%（49/60），明显高于对照组的41.67%（28/60），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），试验组Ⅰ～Ⅱ级、Ⅲ～Ⅳ级比例为 11.67%（7/60）、6.67%（4/60），均明显低于对照组的28.33%（17/60）、25.00%（15/60），差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 Omega-3脂肪酸在预防乳腺癌化疗患者口腔黏膜炎中具有较好的预防和治疗效果，值得临床推广应用。

[关键词] Omega-3脂肪酸;乳腺癌;口腔黏膜炎;化疗

[中图分类号] R739.91          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2021）04-0026-04

The effect of Omega-3 fatty acid in preventing oral mucositis in patients with breast cancer chemotherapy

HUANG Xiaoli   YE Jinjin   TANG Yuelian

Department of Oncology， Huzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital in Zhejiang Province， Huzhou   313000， China

[Abstract] Objective To observe the effect of Omega-3 fatty acid in preventing oral mucositis in patients with breast cancer chemotherapy. Methods A total of 120 patients with breast cancer chemotherapy who were hospitalized in our hospital from March 2018 to October 2019 were selected as the research object， and they were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group according to the random number table method， with 60 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were given regular oral treatment with chlorhexidine acetate. The experimental group added Omega-3 fatty acid on the basis of the treatment in control group.  The oral fungal infection， periodontal health， and oral mucositis severity were compared between the two groups. Results The fungal infection rate of patients in the experimental group was 5.00%（3/60）， which was significantly lower than 16.67% （10/60） of the patients in the control group， and the difference was statistically significant（χ2=4.227，P<0.05）. The plaque index （1.32±0.25） and gingival index（1.27±0.22） were significantly lower than those in the control group（2.41±0.33）and （2.19±0.39）， and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. The proportion of mucositis grade 0 was 81.67% （49/60） in the experimental group， which was significantly higher than 41.67% （28/60） in the control group （P<0.05）， and the ratio of grades Ⅰ to Ⅱ， Ⅲ to Ⅳ was 11.67% （7/60）， 6.67% （4/60） in the experimental group， which was significantly lower than 28.33% （17/60） and 25.00% （15/60） in the control group， and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion Omega-3 fatty acid has good preventive and therapeutic effects in the prevention of oral mucositis in breast cancer chemotherapy patients， and it is worthy of clinical application.

[Key words] Omega-3 fatty acids; Breast cancer; Oral mucositis; Chemotherapy

化疗是治疗恶性肿瘤的常用方法，但是，化疗药物在杀死肿瘤细胞的同时，会对口腔黏膜等代谢、增殖旺盛的组织造成损伤，造成口腔黏膜炎的发生。据报道，化疗患者口腔黏膜炎的发生率可高达40%甚至更高[1]。化疗所致的口腔黏膜炎不但会影响患者的身心健康和生活质量，还由于感染预防、住院时间延长和施用镇痛剂等增加了患者的经济负担[2-4]。Omega-3脂肪酸主要成分为二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA），大量的研究发现Omega-3脂肪酸对牙周炎、系统性红斑狼疮和类风湿关节炎等炎症具有较为明显的控制作用[5-7]。本研究将Omega-3脂肪酸和常规口腔治疗醋酸氯已定联用，进一步评价其对预防和治疗乳腺癌化疗患者口腔黏膜炎的作用，获得较好效果，现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1一般资料

选取2018年3月至2019年10月我院住院的乳腺癌化疗患者120例为研究对象。……