城镇化视角下长三角城市群产业结构优化与城乡收入差距

曹柳 庄博 蔡道成

摘 要： 为了研究产业结构优化对城乡收入差距的影响，并考虑城镇化在其中的作用，选取长三角城市群为研究对象，使用泰尔指数对城乡收入差距进行测度，运用2009—2018年的面板数据，从产业结构高级化与产业结构合理化角度对城镇化在产业结构优化对城乡收入差距影响中发挥的作用进行实证检验。研究结果表明：产业结构优化有利于缩小城乡收入差距，城镇化在产业结构高级化与城乡收入差距的关系中发挥了中介效应;城镇化在产业结构合理化对城乡收入差距的影响中存在显著的双门槛效应：当城镇化水平较低时，产业结构合理化会缩小城乡收入差距，当城镇化水平超过72.9%时，产业结构合理化会扩大城乡收入差距。基于此，提出了优化第三产业内部结构和农村经济结构、合理规划城市发展的政策建议。

关键词： 产业结构高级化;产业结构合理化;城乡收入差距;城镇化;门槛效应

Abstract： In order to study the impact of industrial structure optimization on urban-rural income gap， and consider the role of urbanization in it， this paper takes the Yangtze River Delta Urban city group as the research object， uses the Theil index to measure the urban-rural income gap， and uses the panel data from 2009 to 2018 to empirically test the role of urbanization in the impact of industrial structure optimization on urban-rural income gap from the perspective of industrial structure upgrading and industrial structure rationalization.The results of the study indicate that the optimization of industrial structure is conducive to narrowing the urban-rural income gap， urbanization has played an intermediary role in the relationship between the advanced industrial structure and the urban-rural income gap; urbanization has a significant double-threshold effect in the impact of the rationalization of industrial structure on the urban-rural income gap： when the level of urbanization is low， the rationalization of the industrial structure will narrow the urban-rural income gap， when the urbanization level exceeds 72.9%， the rationalization of the industrial structure will widen the urban-rural income gap. Based on this， this paper puts forward policy recommendations for optimizing the internal structure of the tertiary industry and the rural economic structure and rationally planning urban development.

Key words： advanced industrial structure; rationalization of industrial structure; urban-rural income gap; urbanization; threshold effect

近年來，随着国家对农业农村优先发展、农村全民脱贫工作的高度重视，一系列帮农扶农政策相继落地，农村居民收入水平显著提高。但2018年城镇居民与农村居民的可支配收入仍然相差两倍多，城乡收入之间的鸿沟并未消除，城乡经济发展不平衡、不协调问题依然存在，并且成为我国经济社会发展的突出矛盾。2008年金融危机后，中国经济开始从高速增长步入中高速增长的新常态，经济结构的优化升级推动着产业结构逐步由中低端向中高端转换，产业结构调整取得了突出成绩，但仍存在产业结构高度化不足、与高质量发展要求差距较大等问题。……