摘 要:将人口增长“稀释效应”嵌入一个四部门水平创新框架,提出一个同时内生化个体经济行为、R&D技术进步与人力资本积累的内生增长模型,推导并刻画了经济收敛于BGP均衡及影响经济增长率的因素,为解释人口增长对经济增长产生不确定影响的“正负符号之争”提供了微观基础分析。边际贡献在于:修正设定知识积累存在非规模效应且人力资本积累存在“稀释效应”,放宽对参数的上限或正负进行先验设定。得出结论:人口增长产生负向“稀释效应”与正向“思想效应”是影响经济增长的微观传导路径,正负效应共同作用门槛值大小的不同决定人口增长与经济增长呈非单调异质性不确定影响,进一步分析了稀釋效应与门槛值之间的内在关联,数值模拟量化了参数效应。
关键词:稀释效应;人力资本积累;水平创新;增长
中图分类号:C92-05; F061.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-4149(2021)01-0099-17
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4149.2021.00.005
收稿日期:2020-06-30;修订日期:2020-10-29
基金项目:国家社会科学基金西部项目“户籍制度、城市规模体系与城市化健康发展的关联性研究”(2018XSH004)。
作者简介:卓玛草,经济学博士,西北师范大学经济学院副教授。
Heterogeneity of Economic Growth Influenced by Population Dilution Effect:
Based on the Mechanism of Human Capital Accumulation and R&D Transmission
ZHUO Macao
(School of Economics, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China)
Abstract: The“dilution effect”of population growth is embedded into a foursector level,buliding an growth model with endogenous microeconomic behavior, R&D innovation and human capital accumulation, derived the BGP equilibrium and the factor influencing economic growth, in which a microfoundation is analyzed to explain“The Battle of Signs”.The marginal contribution:there is a nonscale effect in the knowledge accumulation and “dilution effect” in the human capital accumulation, relaxed the prior setting about the upper limit or positive and negative with parameters.It suggest that the negative “dilution effect” and positive “thought effect” are microscopic transmission paths,the combined effect and different threshold value determines heterogeneity of economic growth influenced by population growth.Furthermore, the correlation between dilution effect and threshold value is analyzed, and the parametric effect is quantified by numerical simulation.
Keywords:dilution effect;accumulation of human capital;horizontal innovation; growth
一、引言及问题的提出
中国人口规模发展到2029年左右将达到峰值并将持续维持负增长,人口缩减与人口老龄化叠加使中国人口规模、结构变化呈现人口新常态[1]。正是面临人口结构转型、逆全球化贸易格局变化与资源环境刚性约束,中国进入以“质量换速度”为核心特征的结构性改革、新旧动能转换、创新驱动高质量发展模式转变的关键时期,以“新发展格局”强化内需驱动型、主导型发展模式转变的特定阶段。……