费思远 赵鼎



摘要:随着当下电脑的普及,Windows操作系统已经成为家喻户晓的计算机产品并走进大众的生活,耳熟能详的有Win7、Win10两个Windows发行版本。如今,Win7系统已经逐步退出了我们的生活,Win10是家家户户电脑系统的首选。在Windows外,还有另一种流行、全面、成熟的操作系统,俗称Linux操作系统,其下有多个发行版本,如红帽、Centos、Ubuntu等众多特点各异的系统品种。家中的旧电脑,或许是从前段时间使用的,安装着Win7、硬件配置也比不上新购置的PC,但如果能装上Linux系统,旧电脑也能焕发生机。在此,本篇将带大家走进Linux系统,指导大家安装并在自己的PC或笔记本上使用双系统:Windows与Linux。
关键词:Windows;Win7;Linux;安装;双系统
Abstract: With the present popularity of the computer, the Windows operating system has become a household computer products publicly which is familiar with two Windows distribution version: Win7 and Win10... Nowadays, the Win7 system has been gradually withdrawing from our lives while Win10 is becoming the preferred computer system for every household. Despite Windows, there is another popular, comprehensive, and mature operating system, commonly known as Linux, which has multiple distributions, such as RedHat, Centos, Ubuntu. All of them own their characteristic. The old computers might be used in the former time which is equipped with Win7 and their hardware standard cannot be compared with the new-buying PC, but if they can be installed with Linux, they will be alive again. Now, this article will take you into Linux, guiding and equipping your PC or laptop with the dual system: Windows and Linux.
Key words: Windows; Win7; Linux; install; dual system
说起安装系统和Linux,关于前者大家可能会知道大白菜和老毛桃这样的通过系统镜像,制作U盘启动盘的工具,只要在BIOS下选择U盘为启动首选项,保存并退出,就能进入相应的安装界面,非常方便。但这针对Windows,而非Linux,更何况,苹果电脑没有BIOS界面;而关于后者更多人想起的是美国VMware公司的Workstation系列产品或Oracle的VM VirtualBox,通过虚拟机安装操作系统实现Linux系统的学习和使用。但是,使用虚拟机有其自身局限性,很多方面上只能实现命令熟悉与环境部署,无法做到学习Linux文件系统和目录结构。相反,部署一个真实的Linux操作系统能收获很好的效果,在安装Linux操作系统前,先来了解下Linux系统内部的基本构造。
1 Linux的内部结构
Linux系统建立在根目录“/”上,是系统的主目录,下分功能各异的基础目录,有存放使用诸如与系统二进制文件的/bin和/sbin目录,配……