张雨顺,吴雁蕾,胡海义
(湖南师范大学 文学院,长沙 410081)
Fan Chengda visited Hunan twice and wrote more than 60 poems.These poems reflect the influence of Hunan’s geographical environment on his literary creation.First of all,they show the influence of Hunan’s complex and changeable geographical environment on the emotional complexity of his poems.Some poems express his melancholy about his life,his homesickness,his pleasure of visiting,his sorrow of leaving,his love for his country,etc.;second,they depict the literary landscape with Hunan‘s regional characteristics,such as Natural landscapes such asMt.Huangshan,Mt.Huangling,Xiangjiang River,Dongting Lake,etc.,and cultural landscapes such as Hengshan temple,Wu dongqing mural,Shigu academy,etc.Fan Chengda records the landscape and regional culture of Huxiang with an attitude of“real record”,which has certain regional value.One is the historical and geographical value of Huxiang,the other is the value of Huxiang art and architectural historical data,and the third is the value of Huxiang literature and regional culture.
范成大长期外任,辗转大江南北,曾两次游历湖湘大地,写下60余首“湖湘诗歌”。①他第一次游历湖湘是在乾道九年(1173年),由江西萍乡入醴陵,经湘潭、株洲,溯湘江,入南岳,过衡阳,再经永州、全州。第二次是淳熙二年(1175年),由静江府往赴成都府任的途中,再次进入湖南境内。期间历经全州、永州、衡阳、长沙、湘阴、华容、澧阳等地。曾大兴《文学地理学概论》说:“文学与地理环境之间是一种相互影响、相互作用的状态。”[1]而范成大的“湖湘诗歌”体现了湖湘地理环境对其诗歌创作的影响,首先表现为湖湘复杂多变的地理环境对其诗歌情感复杂性的影响,其次是诗歌描绘了富有湖湘地域特色的文学景观。除此之外,范成大的“湖湘诗歌”具有一定的地域研究价值。然而,目前学界较多关注范成大的使金诗、旅桂诗和旅蜀诗等,对“湖湘诗歌”缺少关注。研究范成大的“湖湘诗歌”,对理解范成大游湘时期的生存状态,了解宋时湖南地理环境及地域文化具有一定的意义。
《文心雕龙·明诗》曰:“人禀七情,应物斯感,感物吟志,莫非自然。”[2]人是具有感情的动物,受到“物”与“自然”的刺激,便会产生相应的情感,并体现在文学创作中。这点明了地理环境对文学创作的影响。湖湘大地处于我国第二级阶梯与第三级阶梯的交界地区,既有崇山峻岭,又有丘陵平地。面对湖湘复杂多变的地理环境,范成大产生了许多情思,最终呈现在他的“湖湘诗歌”之中。……