开放街区视角下的中心城区交通改善策略

王晶 邢亚龙

摘 要：街区制可以畅通城市的毛细血管、提高公共资源的利用效率、消除人为社会阶层隔阂、构建交流互动的和谐社区。本文以建设开放街区的规划政策为前提，研究北京中心城区交通改造策略。首先，对封闭社区和开放街区的概念進行阐述，探讨国内外关于开放街区的相关研究及实践。其次，梳理北京封闭社区发展历程中出现的问题，论述封闭社区对北京中心城区交通的影响。最后，以开放街区理念为引导，提出完善交通网络、提高路网密度、发展公共交通、优化交通环境和道路景观的更新策略。开放街区的规划策略能有效缓解或解决中心城区交通所面临的问题。

关键字：开放街区;封闭社区;道路交通;中心城区;北京东大街

中图分类号：U12文献标识码：A文章编号：1003-5168（2021）01-0076-06

Abstract：The block system can unblock the capillaries of the city， improve the utilization efficiency of public resources， eliminate the estrangement of human social strata， and build a harmonious community of communication and interaction. This paper took the planning policy of building open blocks as the premise， and discussed the road traffic transformation strategy of Beijing's central city under this policy. First， the concept of closed communities and open blocks was elaborated， and related research and practice on open blocks at home and abroad were discussed. Secondly， it sorted out the development process and problems in Beijing's gated communities， and put forward the impact of gated communities on Beijing road traffic based on the problems. Finally， guided by the concept of open blocks， a renewal strategy was proposed to improve the road transportation network， increase the density of the urban road network， improve the public transportation network， improve the environment for non-motorized vehicles， and optimize the landscape on both sides of the road. The planning strategy of open blocks can effectively solve the problems faced by the urban traffic road network.

Keywords： open blocks;gated communities;road traffic;central city;Beijing East Street

封闭社区作为我国中心城区居住单元的主要规划形式，往往更注重内部环境质量，忽视与周边环境的契合，因而形成了大量孤立于区域环境的封闭片区，导致城市空间的“私有化”。这是因为随着城市化进程的推进，城市人口不断增长，用地规模扩大，交通体量与机动车数量急剧扩张，以传统形式建构的小区根植在人员和信息流动速度很高的城市中，必然会从宜居角度出发，自觉或不自觉地营造范围可控的居住环境，形成一个个为身居其中的人所青睐的小天地，即自成体系的封闭社区。处在城市中心位置的封闭社区会不断地加剧交通拥堵、环境污染、人际交往淡漠、城市缺乏生机、景观千篇一律等问题。……