周琪



摘 要:铁路编组站已逐步走向全面自動化,但是驼峰车辆溜放依旧保持着人工摘钩的传统作业方式,较大影响了编组站的作业效率和技术水平。通过对货车车辆在编组站驼峰溜放作业时的工况以及受力进行分析,建立车组解编时驼峰提钩点位置数学计算模型,推算驼峰提钩的有效位置,利用图像识别、雷达测速、工业机器人等技术手段,研究获取驼峰主体信号、勾计划、目标定位、速度测控等信息的方法以及机器人的作业模式和系统能耗,分析研制过程中的关键技术,进而确定采用行走式机器人来实现编组站驼峰摘钩作业自动化的可行性。
关键词:驼峰;自动提钩;编组站;机器人
中图分类号:U284.66文献标识码:A文章编号:1003-5168(2021)01-0113-04
Abstract: At present, the railway marshalling station has gradually moved towards full automation, but the traditional operation method of manual unhooking of hump vehicles is still maintained, which greatly affects the operation efficiency and technical level of the marshalling station. This paper analyzed the working conditions and forces of truck vehicles through hump slip operation in marshalling station, established the mathematical calculation model of hump lift point position, calculated the effective position of hump lift hook, studied the methods of obtaining information of hump main signal, hook plan, target location and speed measurement and control ,as well as the robot's operation mode and system energy consumption by means of image recognition, radar speed measurement and industrial robot, analyzed the technical difficulties in the process of development, and then determined the feasibility of using walking robot to realize the automation of hump hook picking in marshalling station.
Keywords: hump;automatic hook lifting;marshalling station;robot
1 研究背景
随着我国铁路的高速发展,编组站的自动化程度不断提升,列车推峰和溜放都已经实现了自动化。但是,在驼峰分解列车时依旧采用传统的人工摘钩模式,作业人员工作环境差、劳动强度大、安全风险高,同时还存在因调车作业单污损后错提和漏提的情况,极大地影响了编组站的作业效率,与国家实施“公转铁”后铁路运量的急速增长极不适应,是现代化编组站急需解决的关键问题。近年来,编组站综合集成自动化系统(Computer Integrated Process System,CIPS)、新一代编组站综合自动化(SAM)系统等已投入使用,图像识别、工业机器人、精准测速等技术日趋成熟并广泛应用,可见,设计一款驼峰解体自动摘钩装置,在列车5~7 km/h的推峰速度下,由提钩机器人按计划摘开车钩,部分代替人工完成提钩、护钩等作业已具备成熟的理论基础和技术水平,研究开发驼峰解体自动提钩装置的条件已经具备[1-3]。……