单侧完全性唇腭裂患者恒牙先天缺失类型分析

2021-04-22 09:34:49伊帕热·克力木江,古力巴哈·买买提力
中国美容医学 2021年3期

伊帕热·克力木江,古力巴哈·买买提力

[摘要]唇腭裂(Cleft lip and palate,CLP)患者高频率地发生牙齿数目异常是正畸治疗中的复杂因素之一,对于这类患者评估牙齿异常模式顯得尤为重要。本文对单侧完全性唇腭裂(Unilateral cleft lip and palate,UCLP)患者恒牙的先天缺失发生率及性别、裂区与非裂区、上下颌差异做概述,为临床医生制定治疗计划提供帮助,有助于恢复及改善唇腭裂患者颌面部的功能与美观。

[关键词]唇腭裂;恒牙;错牙合畸形;发育异常;先天缺失

[中图分类号]R782.2+2   [文献标志码]A    [文章编号]1008-6455(2021)03-0175-03

Analysis of the Types of Permanent Teeth Congenital Missing in Patients with Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate

Yipare·KELIMUJIANG,Gulibaha·MAIMAITILI

(The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830028,Xinjiang,China)

Abstract: The high frequency of abnormal tooth number in cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients is one of the complex factors in orthodontic treatment,it is very important to evaluate the abnormal pattern of teeth for this kind of patients.In this paper, the incidence of congenital missing permanent teeth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and the differences between gender, cleft and non cleft areas, upper and lower jaw were summarized, which can help clinicians to make treatment plans, and help to restore and improve the function and beauty of maxillofacial in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Key words:unilateral cleft lip and palate; permanent teeth; malocclusion; dental anomalies; hypodontia

唇腭裂是最常见的颅颌面畸形,它是由遗传因素和环境因素共同作用所致的遗传性疾病[1],也是人类先天畸形中最常见的一种,每出生的500~550个胎儿中就有1例唇腭裂患儿[2],一般分为综合征性和非综合征性,其中非综合征性更为常见,约占唇腭裂的70%[3]。唇腭裂在全世界的发病率为1‰~3‰,我国的发病率为1.62‰[4]。唇腭裂常伴发口颌系统、语音及心理等方面的障碍,需进行系统的序列治疗[5]。唇腭裂患者牙齿发育异常的发生破坏了牙列的完整性和对称性,引起患儿的口颌系统功能与颌骨发育异常,形成了CLP患者复杂多样的口内情况,增加了序列治疗的复杂性和难度。先前学者研究唇腭裂患者牙齿发育异常将其概括为前牙区或全牙列区,而评估不同类型唇腭裂的牙齿异常模式也同样重要。

1  UCLP先天缺牙的发生率

Akcam等[6]报道96.7%的裂隙患者至少有一个牙齿异常,其中牙齿先天缺失是最常见的发育异常类型。Paranaiba[7]提出UCLP比BCLP更容易发生牙齿异常(P=0.00002),与其他类型相比更易发生牙缺失(P=0.002),这与Aizenbud D、Stahl F的研究结果一致[8-9]。……

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