浮顶储罐雷击火灾分析及安全评价

李文凯

摘 要：浮顶储罐作为石油存储的主要装置，常年暴露于空气下，容易遭到雷电袭击，从而导致火灾事故发生，必然会造成大量的经济损失和人员伤亡，所以浮顶储罐的危险性非常大，需要做好安全评价，从而避免浮顶储罐受到雷击的严重影响。文章首先对浮顶储罐雷击火灾分析，分析其油气泄漏原因，主要原因在于浮顶储罐的密封存在问题，雷电击中后更容易发生火灾事故。然后还对浮顶储罐遭受雷击之后发生火灾事故的原理进行了分析。最后对浮顶储罐的安全评价进行分析，使用的方式为模糊综合评判方法，能够更准确的计算出各种指标对浮顶储罐安全性的影响程度，在后续浮顶储罐的管理中可以根据安全评价作出更加合理的解决方案。

关键词：浮顶储罐;雷击;火灾;安全评价

中图分类号：TE88 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-5922（2021）07-0149-04

Analysis and Safety Evaluation of Lightning Strike Fire of Floating Roof Tank

Li Wenkai

（Qinghai  Province Chemical Design and Research Institute Co.， Ltd.， Xining 810000， China）

Abstract：As the main device for oil storage， floating roof storage tanks are exposed to the air all year round and are easily attacked by lightning， which will lead to fire accidents and will inevitably cause a lot of economic losses and casualties. Therefore， the risk of floating roof storage tanks is very high， and safety evaluation needs to be done to prevent floating roof storage tanks from being seriously affected by lightning strikes. The paper first analyzes the lightning fire of floating roof storage tanks and analyzes the causes of oil and gas leakage. The main reason is that there are problems with the sealing of floating roof storage tanks. Fire accidents are more likely to occur after lightning strikes. Then it analyzes the principle of fire accidents after the floating roof tank is struck by lightning. Finally， the safety evaluation of floating roof storage tanks is analyzed， and the method used is fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method， which can more accurately calculate the degree of influence of various indicators on the safety of floating roof storage tanks. In the follow-up management of floating roof storage tanks， more reasonable solutions can be made based on safety evaluation.

Key words：floating roof storage tank; lightning strike; fire; safety evaluation

石油儲备具有重要意义，任何国家和社会都需要对石油进行储备，从而保证石油能够顺利供应。然而石油在存储过程中容易发生各种安全事故，所以安全存储石油相当重要。当前，存储石油的装置主要以浮顶储罐为主，该装置会直接建在室外，浮盘面积较大，这样长期暴露于室外，其安全性会受到各种因素的影响，尤其是常年受到雷击，浮顶储罐如果存在泄漏情况，遇到雷击之后容易引起浮顶储罐发生火灾事故[1-3]。在有关记载中表明储罐发生火灾事故，其中60%是因为雷电所引发[3]。所以有必要对浮顶储罐雷击火灾进行分析，对其安全性进行评价，从而提高浮顶储罐的安全性。……