核盘菌对大豆致病力差异与抗氧化酶系统酶活性的关系

李易初 石凤梅 马立功 刘佳 孟庆林

摘要 采集黑龙江省大豆菌核病样分离得到15个菌株，选用大豆离体叶片接种法鉴定菌株致病力强弱，测定致病力差异菌株体内POD、SOD、CAT活性。结果发现，黑龙江地区大豆菌核病菌致病力分化明显，菌株致病力分化与来源地无明显相关性;致病力差异菌株体内POD、SOD、CAT活性存在差异;60%供试菌株体内SOD、POD和CAT活性与致病力呈正相关，菌株致病力强则菌株体内相应的酶活性强;菌株CAT活性与其致病力相关性不明显，需进一步试验验证。

关键词 大豆;核盘菌;致病力;酶活性;POD;SOD;CAT

中图分类号 S435.651文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611（2021）07-142-04

Abstract Fifteen strains were isolated from the samples of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on soybean in Heilongjiang Province， and the pathogenicity of the strains were determined by inoculating the leaves in vitro， and the enzymes activity of POD， SOD and CAT in the strains with different pathogenicity were determined. It showed that the pathogenicity of S. sclerotiorum on soybean in Heilongjiang was differentiated obviously， and there was no obvious correlation between the pathogenicity and the collection places. The enzyme activities of POD， SOD and CAT were different in 15 strains. The enzyme activities of POD，SOD and CAT in strains were correlated with pathogenicity of the strains， and the enzyme activities of POD，SOD and CAT in the 60% strains of the test were bigger which strains with stronger pathogenicity. There was no significant correlation between the activity of CAT in strains and its pathogenicity.

Key words Soybean;Sclerotinia sclerotiorum;Pathogenic;Enzyme activity;POD;SOD;CAT

作者簡介 李易初（1986—），女，辽宁本溪人，助理研究员，硕士，从事植物病害研究。*通信作者，研究员，硕士，从事植物病害研究。

菌核病[Sclerotinia sclerotiorum（Lib.）de Bary]是危害全球大豆产量及品质的一种常见病害，我国以黑龙江省、内蒙古等地危害较重。大豆作为垦区主栽农作物，大豆菌核病每年都有发生，一般田块发病率达10%，重病田可达50%，减产可达50%以上[1]。菌核病可侵染各生育期的大豆植株，初期为水浸状病斑，逐渐引起叶片变黄萎缩，茎杆褪绿溢缩死亡，气候湿润叶部病斑背面可见大量白色菌丝，死亡植株可在大豆茎秆内部找到大量黑色鼠粪状菌核[2]。大豆菌核病致病菌为核盘菌[Sclerotinia sclerotiorum（Lib.）de Bary]，属于子囊菌门柔膜菌目核盘菌属的一种植物病原真菌[3]。核盘菌生态分布广泛，可以侵染包括油菜、大豆、向日葵等多种双子叶农作物在内的400多种植物[4]。核盘菌在不良生存条件下形成菌核，以菌核为休眠体可保持萌发能力存活8年甚至更久[5]。……