侧深施肥用量对中籼杂交水稻生长和产量的影响

摘要 [目的]研究侧深施肥不同用量对中籼杂交稻两优688生长和产量的影响，以便合理使用化肥，寻求更科学的施肥方法。[方法]试验设5个处理（处理①为基肥用缓释肥375.0 kg/hm.2机插秧同步侧深施肥，在倒二叶时追施187.5 kg/hm.2复合肥作穗肥;处理②为基肥用缓释肥450.0 kg/hm.2机插秧同步侧深施肥，在倒二叶时追施187.5 kg/hm.2复合肥作穗肥;处理③为基肥用缓释肥525.0 kg/hm.2机插秧同步侧深施肥，在倒二叶时追施187.5 kg/hm.2复合肥作穗肥;CK1为基肥用复合肥450.0 kg/hm.2机插秧同步侧深施肥，在倒二叶时追施187.5 kg/hm.2复合肥作穗肥;CK2为基肥用复合肥450.0 kg/hm.2旋耕前人工撒施，机插后8和15 d分别追施尿素75.0、150.0 kg/hm.2，倒二葉时追施复合肥187.5 kg/hm.2做穗肥），对比分析各处理条件下水稻生育进程、分蘖动态和产量的差异。[结果]各处理生育期由长到短排序为处理③、处理②、处理①、CK1、CK2，其中处理③生育期最长，CK1、CK2均最短;各处理最终有效穗数的差异较小，但成穗率差异较明显，处理①成穗率最高;CK2倒三叶长度最长，处理①长度较为适中;实际产量由大到小排序为处理①、处理③、处理②、CK1、CK2。[结论]常量侧深施肥可以为水稻定量、均匀施肥提供保证，可提高水稻对肥料的利用率，促进形成大穗和高产，同时可降低肥料的损失和对环境的污染，值得在大规模水稻生产中应用和推广。

关键词 侧深施肥;中籼杂交稻;施用量;生长发育;产量;影响

中图分类号 S511.2.+1文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611（2021）07-0167-03

Abstract [Objective]To study the effects of different levels of lateral fertilization on the growth and yield of medium Indica hybrid rice Liangyou 688， in order to rationally use chemical fertilizers and seek a more scientific method of fertilization. [Method] A total of 5 treatments were carried out. The differences in rice growth process， tiller dynamics and yield under different treatments were compared. [Results] The growth periods of different treatments from long to short were in the order of treatment ③， treatment ②， treatment ①， CK1， CK2. Among them， treatment ③ had the longest growth period， CK1 and CK2 were the shortest. The difference of the final effective ear number of each treatment was relatively small， but the difference in ear formation rate was more obvious. Treatment ① had the highest ear formation rate. The length of CK2 inverted clover was the longest， and the treatment ① was relatively moderate in length. The actual output was from large to small was in the order of treatment ①， treatment ③， treatment ②， CK1， CK2. [Conclusions] Constant lateral deep fertilization could provide guarantee for quantitative and uniform fertilization of rice， improve the utilization rate of fertilizer in rice， promote the formation of large panicles and high yield， and reduce fertilizer loss and environmental pollution. It was worthy of application in largescale rice production and promotion.

Key words Sidedepth fertilization;Medium Indica hybrid rice;Application rate;Growth and development;Yield;Impact

作者简介 胡根生（1963—），男，安徽桐城人，高级农艺师，从事作物栽培研究。

水稻是我国乃至全世界主要的种植作物，施肥是其生产过程中非常重要的环节，传统的人工撒施存在施肥量大、肥量分布不均、利用率低等缺点，增加了生产成本，且对水稻产量也产生直接影响[1]。……