宁夏引扬黄灌区密植作物小麦滴灌带合理设计及布设参数优化

靳韦 陈永伟 夏学智 王昊 卜建华 杨飞 杨桂丽 马文礼

摘要 为明确宁夏引扬黄灌区密植作物小麦滴灌带的最优铺设方案，采用4因素3水平正交试验，研究不同滴灌带布设参数对小麦生长发育、产量构成因素和滴灌带成本投入的影响，确定小麦滴灌带田间铺设间距、滴头流量、灌水量等指标。结果表明，滴灌带在60、80 cm铺设间距下，土壤滴灌湿润宽度可以相接，满足小麦密植种植作物的需水要求，且同一铺设间距下滴灌带垂直方向不同距离小麦生长指标（株高、叶绿素含量）和穗粒数无显著差异;滴灌管带铺设间距为80 cm的3个处理平均收获穗数明显高于其他处理，其产量整体上也高于其他铺设间距处理。滴头流量太大不利于小麦产量的提升，其中滴头流量2.0和3.0 L/h有利于提高小麦产量。灌水量越小，平均收获穗数减少越明显，其产量也越低;对比不同滴灌带铺设用量投入成本，铺设间距80 cm的处理优于其他处理，有利于节约成本。

关键词 密植作物;滴灌带;布设参数

中图分类号 S275.6文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611（2021）07-0203-05

Abstract In order to clarify the optimal layout plan of drip irrigation belt for the denselyplanted wheat in the Yellow River Irrigation Area in Ningxia，the fourfactor，threelevel orthogonal experiment was taken to investigate the effects of different layout parameters of drip irrigation belt on the growth，yield components and cost input of drip irrigation belt，and determine the paving space， dripper flow， irrigation volume and other indices of drip irrigation belt of wheat. The results showed that when the paving space of drip irrigation belt was 60 or 80 cm， the wet width of soil drip irrigation could be connected，the water requirements of denselyplanted wheat. The growth indices（plant height， chlorophyll content） and the number of grains per spike of wheat at different distances in the vertical direction of drip irrigation belt at the same laying spacing had no significant difference. When the paving space was 80 cm， the average number of harvested spikes in the three treatments was obviously higher than that in other treatments，the yield was higher than that in other treatments with different paving space. Too large dripper flow was indeed adverse to the increase of wheat yield，while dripper flow at 2.0 and 3.0 L/h was  favorable for the increase of wheat yield. The lower the irrigation volume was，the more obvious the decrease of the number of harvested spikes was，the lower the yield was. When the cost for the paving of drip irrigation belts was compared， a paving space of 80 cm has an advantage over other situations， which was favorable for saving cost.

Key words Denselyplanted crops;Drip irrigation belts;Layout parameters

作者簡介 靳韦（1988—），女，陕西西安人，助理农艺师，硕士，从事作物高效节水栽培研究。*通信作者，高级农艺师，硕士，从事作物高效节水栽培研究。

滴灌方式旨在提高水分利用效率，从而达到节水、增产的目的，特别是在干旱缺水地区，滴灌技术的应用对于缓减水资源短缺问题显得尤为重要[1]。宁夏地处西北干旱荒漠地区，水资源缺乏，发展节水灌溉技术是该地区缓解水资源供需矛盾的重要途径。……