深圳市龙岗区某社区2019年高血压患病率及流行病学调查

2021-05-06 15:52:50杨南南莫智琴陈小燕
中国医学创新 2021年1期
关键词:流行病学患病率高血压

杨南南 莫智琴 陈小燕

【摘要】 目的:分析深圳市龍岗区某社区2019年高血压患病率及流行病学特征。方法:采取描述性流行病学方法对2019年1-12月深圳市龙岗区某社区2 639例居民的累计调查资料进行回顾性分析。比较不同性别、年龄、体质指数(BMI)、慢性病史、职业、劳动强度、生活习惯、每周中等强度运动时间及文化程度者的高血压患病率。结果:2 639例居民中,1 000例确诊为高血压患者,发病率为37.89%。不同性别者高血压患病率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。≥80岁者高血压患病率最高(40.58%),其次为60~69岁者(39.08%),不同年龄段者高血压患病率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。BMI越高者,高血压患病率越高(P<0.05)。不同文化程度者高血压患病率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。退休者高血压患病率(82.36%)最高,其次为家务(43.57%),不同职业者高血压患病率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。合并慢性病病种数越高者,高血压患病率越高(P<0.05)。劳动强度越轻者,高血压患病率越高(P<0.05)。同时有吸烟史与饮酒史者高血压患病率(62.98%)最高,其次为只有吸烟史者(37.80%)。不同生活习惯者高血压患病率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。每周不同中等强度运动时间越短者,高血压患病率越高(P<0.05)。结论:深圳市龙岗区2019年社区居民高血压患病率较高,高血压患病风险可能与年龄、BMI、慢性病史、职业、劳动强度、生活习惯及每周中等强度运动时间有关,临床需对此引起重视。

【关键词】 社区 高血压 患病率 流行病学

Prevalence and Epidemiology of Hypertension in a Community in Longgang District of Shenzhen City in 2019/YANG Nannan, MO Zhiqin, CHEN Xiaoyan. //Medical Innovation of China, 2021, 18(01): -126

[Abstract] Objective: To analyze the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of hypertension in Longgang District of Shenzhen city in 2019. Method: The cumulative survey data of 2 639 residents in a community in Longgang District of Shenzhen city from January to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively by descriptive epidemiological method. The prevalence of hypertension were compared among different gender, age, body mass index (BMI), chronic history, occupation, labor intensity, living habits, weekly moderate intensity exercise time and cultural degrees. Result: Among the 2 639 residents, 1 000 were diagnosed with hypertension, with incidence of 37.89%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension between different genders (P>0.05). The prevalence of hypertension was the highest in ≥80 years old (40.58%), followed by 60-69 years old (39.08%). There were significant differences in the prevalence of hypertension among different age groups (P<0.05). The higher BMI, the higher the prevalence of hypertension (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension among different cultural degrees (P>0.05). The prevalence rate of hypertension among retirees (82.36%) was the highest, followed by housework (43.57%). There were significant differences in the prevalence of hypertension among different occupations (P<0.05). The higher the number of chronic diseases, the higher the prevalence of hypertension (P<0.05). The lower the labor intensity, the higher the prevalence of hypertension (P<0.05). The prevalence rate of hypertension was highest in those with both smoking history and drinking history (62.98%), followed by those with only smoking history (37.80%). There were statistically significant differences in the prevalence of hypertension among people with different living habits (P<0.05). The shorter the duration of moderate intensity exercise per week, the higher the prevalence of hypertension (P<0.05). Conclusion: Community residents in Longgang District of Shenzhen city had a high prevalence of hypertension in 2019. The risk of hypertension may be related to age, BMI, chronic history, occupation, labor intensity, living habits and weekly moderate intensity exercise, which should be paid attention to clinically.

[Key words] Community Hypertension Prevalence Epidemiology

First-authors address: Pingdi Prevention and Health Care Institute, Longgang District, Shenzhen 518117, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.01.031

近年来,随着人们生活方式不断改变,人口老龄化问题日益凸显,老年慢性疾病发病率呈逐年上升趋势,严重影响老年人群生活质量[1]。高血压是我国最常见的心血管慢性疾病之一,其发病率高、病程长且并发症较多,患者容易引起心脑血管疾病,主要原因为长期高血压状态对心脑血管造成损伤,导致血小板聚集引发血管堵塞、狭窄等,是心脑血管危险因素[2]。发达国家18%的心血管疾病是由于高血压所致,我国高血压发病率越来越高,已成为重大公共卫生问题之一[3]。有研究显示,我国高血压呈高发病率状态,同时老年人群对疾病知晓、治疗及控制有关知识欠缺[4]。因此从社区出发探讨高血压病因,加强高血压初级预防,对特定高血压人群社区管理提供可靠的科学依据,已成为控制心血管疾病发病率的有效措施之一[5]。本研……

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