工贸企业危险化学品使用安全现状探析

刘韦光 梁峻 欧阳刚 叶亚明 刘柏清

摘 要：为进一步加强危险化学品使用环节的规范化，对广东省M市工贸企业危险化学品的使用情况进行了广泛调研，并选取141家重点企业作为研究对象，利用大数据和粗糙集的约简功能，分别确定一级安全指标（安全资料、储存场所、使用场所）的18项二级安全指标的权重，并据此对使用危险化学品的工贸企业进行事故隐患分析。结果表明：工贸企业危险化学品使用过程中应将风险管理重点放到物理危险的管控上，其中易燃液体、加压气体、金属腐蚀物、易燃气体、氧化性液体的总占比达到91.6%，普遍具有火灾、爆炸、腐蚀等风险;权重结果显示，安全资料方面没有显著问题存在，储存场所中安全警示标志和仓储管理问题较突出，使用场所中需重点整治安全警示标志、防火间距、防雷与静电的问题。研究结果对工贸企业构建覆盖危险化学品使用的安全风险管控长效机制具有指导意义。

关键词：工业灾害控制;工贸企业;危险化学品使用;粗糙集;安全預防控制体系

中图分类号：TQ0   文献标识码：A

DOI： 10.7535/hbgykj.2021yx02002

Analysis on safety situation of the use of hazardous chemicals in

industrial and commercial enterprises

LIU Weiguang1，2， LIANG Jun1，2， OUYANG Gang1，2， YE Yaming1，2， LIU Boqing1，2

（1.Guangzhou Academy of Special Equipment Inspection & Testing， Guangzhou， Guangdong 510760， China; 2.China National Quality Supervision and Testing Center of Explosion-proof Equipment （Guangdong）， Guangzhou， Guangdong 510760， China）

Abstract：

In order to enhance the normalization of the use of hazardous chemicals， an extensive investigation on the use of hazardous chemicals in industrial and commercial enterprises of M city in Guangdong province was carried out， and 141 key enterprises were selected as the research objects. The weight of 18 secondary safety indicators  under the first class safety indexes such as safety data， storage places and usage areas， were determined respectively by using big data and reduction function of rough set. Then the potential accidents of the use of hazardous chemicals in industrial and commercial enterprises were analyzed based on the weights. The results show that risks management should focus on the control of physical hazards during the using of hazardous chemicals in industrial and commercial enterprises， and the total proportion of flammable liquid， pressurized gas， metal corrosion， flammable gases and oxidizing liquids can reach to 91.6% in physical hazards， which generally has the risk of fire， explosion and corrosion; The weight results show that there is no significant problem in safety data， the problems of safety warning signs and storage management were prominent in storage places， and the problems of safety warning signs， fire prevention distance， lightning protection and static electricity should be focused on governing in usage areas. The research is of guiding significance to the construction of the long-term mechanism of safety risk control in the use of hazardous chemicals for industrial and commercial enterprises.

Keywords：industrial disaster control; industrial and commercial enterprises; use of hazardous chemicals; rough set; safety prevention and control system

近30年，中国使用危险化学品的行业在发展的同时，逐步实现了与国际标准体系的同步，法律法规日臻完善，危险化学品使用的安全状况得到根本好转[1-3]。从安全生产角度来看，目前中国使用危险化学品的企业数量巨大，涉及的危险化学品种类繁多复杂;企业主体、监管单位、研究学者等[4-8]普遍将关注重点聚焦在危险化学品的生产、储存、经营、运输环节，但仅仅局限于法律法规、安全制度的“外形”，对于危险化学品的使用监管、技术整改往往难以真实有效落地。……