基于节点负载等级的自组网AOMDV路由协议改进方法

郭少雄 李正伟 宋志群

摘 要：为了增强自组网AOMDV路由协议的负载均衡能力，根据队列缓存比将网络中节点分为2个等级Normal和Danger，针对不同等级进行不同的处理。对Danger级节点直接弃用，对Normal级节点通过阈值比较赋予相应的虚拟跳数，队列缓存比越高则相应的虚拟跳数越高。对RREP和Hello报文进行了拓展，均加入了节点队列缓存比项，来更新和收集最新路径节点状态信息。改进后的协议通过包含节点负载信息的最小虚拟跳数作为最优路径选择依据，使用OPNET在不同网络负载下以固定的节点速率进行仿真。结果表明，改进路由协议在牺牲有限的路由开销前提下，起到了对节点的负载均衡作用，缓解了网络拥塞，提高了数据包投递率，有效降低了端到端的传输时延，为提升自组网网络性能提供了一种较为简单的方法。

关键词：无线通信技术;移动自组网;AOMDV;节点拥塞;负载均衡

中图分类号：TN924   文献标识码：A

DOI： 10.7535/hbgykj.2021yx02007

Improved method of AOMDV routing protocol in Ad Hoc network based on node load level

GUO Shaoxiong，LI Zhengwei， SONG Zhiqun

（The 54th Research Institute of CETC， Shijiazhuang， Hebei 050081，China）

Abstract：

In order to enhance the load balancing capability of the AOMDV routing protocol in Ad Hoc network，according to the queue buffer ratio，the nodes in the network were divided into two levels，Normal and Danger，and the corresponding processing was performed for different levels.Danger-level nodes were directly abandoned，and Normal nodes were assigned corresponding virtual hops through the threshold comparison.The higher the queue cache ratio was，the higher the corresponding virtual hops were.The RREP and Hello messages were expanded，and the node queue cache ratio was added to update and collect the latest path node status information.The minimum number of virtual hops containing node load information was used as the basis for optimal path selection in the improved protocol.At different network loads and a fixed node rate， the OPNET was adopted to simulate.The results show that the improved routing protocol has a load balancing effect on nodes at the expense of limited routing overhead，which alleviates network congestion，increases the data packet delivery rate，and effectively reduces the end-to-end transmission delay.It provides a relatively simple method for improving the performance of the Ad Hoc network.

Keywords：

wireless communication technology; mobile Ad Hoc network; AOMDV; node congestion; load balancing

自組网又可称为Ad Hoc网络，具有无中心、组网迅速、多跳路由、不依赖固定基站等特点，近年来其在军事指挥、抢险救灾、临时会议等场合发挥着越来越重要的作用。但是由于移动自组网的网络拓扑变化较快且节点能量和网络带宽受限，如何发现并维护可靠的传输路径成为了研究的热点和难点[1-4]。

按需多路径距离矢量协议（ad hoc on-demand distance multipath vector routing，AOMDV）是基于按需单路径距离矢量协议（ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing，AODV）改进的一种平面多径路由协议[5]，能够找到多条开环的链路不相交路径，采用备份路由机制，当检测到当前路径中断时能够快速切换到备用路径，相比于单路径路由协议具有较好的容错能力和通信恢复能力，可以快速并且有效地恢复因Ad Hoc网络中拓扑不断变化引起的路径中断。……