地方政府竞争对城市蔓延的影响研究

顾晓安 陈雅兰 沙一心

摘 要：近年来，我国城市化进程中出现了值得关注的城市蔓延现象。城市蔓延对社会经济和生态环境都会造成诸多不利影响，已经成为我国城市化进程中急需解决的关键问题。本文首先通过机制分析得出地方政府竞争与城市蔓延存在非线性关系，然后根据2007—2017年我国246个地级市的面板数据，采用固定效应回归模型实证研究地方政府竞争对城市蔓延的影响并使用utest方法对实证结果进行了检验。研究发现：在全国样本、东部地区样本以及中小城市样本中，地方政府竞争对城市蔓延的影响呈现出“U型”特征，并且大多数地级市的地方政府竞争发挥了抑制城市蔓延的积极作用;在中部地区、西部地区和大城市样本中地方政府竞争能够显著提高城市蔓延水平。

关 键 词：地方政府竞争;城市蔓延;“U型”特征

DOI：10.16315/j.stm.2021.01.002

中图分类号： F061.5

文献标志码： A

Abstract：In recent years， in the process of urbanization in China， the phenomenon of urban sprawl deserves our attention.Urban sprawl has a lot of adverse effects on social economy and ecological environment， which has become a key problem to be solved urgently in the process of urbanization in China.In this paper， the nonlinear relationship between local government competition and urban sprawl is firstly obtained through mechanism analysis.Then based on the panel data of 246 prefecturelevel cities in China from 2007 to 2018， we use fixed effect regression model to empirically study the impact of local government competition on urban sprawl and the utest method was used to test the empirical results.The findings are as follows： In the national sample， the Eastern sample and the sample of small and mediumsized cities， the influence of local government competition on urban sprawl is ushaped， and local government competition in most prefecturelevel cities plays a positive role in restraining urban sprawl; In the samples of central region， Western region and large cities， local government competition can significantly improve the level of urban sprawl.

Keywords：local government competiton;urban sprawl;Ushape

城市蔓延是世界各国在城市化进程中普遍存在的问题，主要表现为城市空间低密度和非连续的扩张，使原本主要集中在城市核心区的活动扩展到城市外围，城市形态总体呈现出分散、低密度和区域功能单一的特征。近年来，我国的城市化进程不断加快，但与此同时，城镇化率中的土地城镇化速度却远远高于人口城镇化速度。根据国家统计局的数据显示2000—2018年，全国建城区面积增加了160.51%，而城区人口只增加了10.06%。显然，城市空间的扩张速度远快于城区人口的增速，城区密度不断下降，城市蔓延的现象普遍存在。……