茄子黄萎病研究进展

2021-06-02 11:04:29孙婷婷赵明辉李淑敏胡宝忠孟令波
中国瓜菜 2021年4期

孙婷婷 赵明辉 李淑敏 胡宝忠 孟令波

摘 要:茄子(Solanum melongena L.)是茄属的第三大栽培作物,在我国各地广泛种植。茄子黄萎病又称凋萎病,俗称“半边疯”,是威胁茄子生产最严重的病害之一,由大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae Kleb.)引起的一种世界性土传维管束病害,发生普遍,危害严重,可大幅度降低茄子的产量和品质。因此,了解和掌握茄子黄萎病发病症状及其规律,及早预防,以减少它的危害十分必要。笔者围绕近年来在茄子黄萎病发病症状、致病机制、抗黄萎病机制和综合防控等方面的研究成果,论述了茄子黄萎病研究进展,旨在为茄子抗黄萎病分子育种提供借鉴和参考,进而促进我国茄子产业的可持续发展。

关键词:茄子;黄萎病;大丽轮枝菌;抗病机制

中图分类号:S641.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2021)04-008-07

Abstract: Eggplant ranks the third most cultivated crop in genus Solanum, which is widely cultivated in China. Eggplant Verticillium wilt is one of most serious disease threatening eggplant production caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb., a worldwide soil-borne vascular disease, which can cause severe damage, resulting in seriously eggplant reduction of yield and quality. Therefore, it is necessary for us to understand the symptoms and rules of eggplant Verticillium wilt and prevent the pathogen infection early in order to reduce losses. We summarized the recent research progress on the symptom, characteristics, pathogenesis and disease resistance of Verticillium wilt in eggplant, aiming to facilitate molecular breeding of Verticillium wilt resistant cultivar and promote the healthy development of eggplant industry in China.

Key words: Eggplant; Verticillium wilt; Verticillium dahliae; Disease resistance mechanism

茄子(Solanum melongena L.)是世界上重要的茄属蔬菜作物,其地位仅次于马铃薯(S. tuberosum)和番茄(S. lycoperscicum)[1-2]。2018年,全世界茄子产量为5360万t,而我国产量达到3410万t,占世界总产量的63.62% (http://www.fao.org),中国已成为世界上最大的茄子生产国和消费国。随着茄子设施栽培的迅速发展,近年来,茄子黄萎病在我国一些地区发生严重,产量损失为20%~40%,严重影响了茄子产业的发展[3]。茄子黄萎病是由大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae Kleb.)侵染引起的一种世界性的土传维管束病害,日本曾经大面积暴发茄子黄萎病,导致茄子严重减产 [4];美国也曾因茄子黄萎病,产量损失30%~80%[5]。因茄子黄萎病病原菌存在着不同的生理小种(大丽轮枝菌生理小种race 1、race 2),其微菌核在土壤中存活可达数年,防治难度大,是危害茄子的三大病害之一,可大幅度降低茄子的产量和品质。……

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