中考完形填空题实例解析

艾宁

完形填空主要考查学生综合运用语言的能力，要求学生从语篇层次上把握语言材料，在阅读理解的基础上进行逻辑推理，合理运用所学习的语言知识。具体而言，完形填空主要考查对于文章上下文的理解和把握能力;对于词汇的意义与用法的理解和运用能力;根据生活常识进行推理和判断能力;对于习惯用语和短语的固定搭配的掌握能力。

【答题思路】

（1）总体把握，通读全文，了解大意

通读完形填空短文时，跳过空格快速阅读，了解全篇的主要内容，切不可把宝贵的时间浪费在个别字句的推敲上。

（2）弄清体裁

文章体裁通常分为四种：议论文、记叙文、说明文和应用文。中考选文以叙事性文章为主，如：幽默故事、科普知识、童话、简短新闻、名人轶事、社会热点问题等。读这类文章，要大体上了解故事所涉及的时间、地点、人物、事件及前因后果。不同的體裁可能使用不同的语气和说法，也就需要选用不同的选项了。

（3）重视主题句

完形填空所用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的主题句，往往在每段文章的首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意信息等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以主题句为立足点，从主题句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。

（4）语境联想

利用上下文的提示，用学过的知识和已有的生活经验，扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍。联想并推测故事所发生的情景和人物在那种情景下的心态和感觉，这样才能更好地把握全局，选对答案，从而避免理解错误而大量出错。

【实例解析】

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（2020·浙江·金华）

Sam was very nervous. It was his first day in new 1 ， and lunch was only thirty minutes away. For most students， lunch is the 2 part of the school day. It is time when you talk with your friends， get to know what interesting things everyone is doing， and， of course，    3 . Sam， however didn’t know anyone or anything， like where to sit or with whom to sit at lunch.

Sam’s 4 was in the army， so his family moved a lot. He had really liked his old school and 5 leaving his two best friends. They still talked to each other through phone calls and emails， 6 he couldn’t see them every day. He wondered if their 7 would continue. He didn’t want to lose them， but he knew it would be 8 for them to stay close.

“I know this is hard on you，” his mother said as he got ready for school this morning， and I’m really 9 you have to keep changing schools.”Sam could see regret in her eyes， but he didn’t want her to feel that way. 10 had always been ready to defend （保卫） not only the family but also the country. Sam loved her so much. He gave her a smile and told her not to 11 .He had wanted to mean it ， but there was still always worry in him when they moved.

The 12 time came quickly. As Sam was walking to the dining room， a voice behind him said. “Excuse me.” Sam 13 and saw five friendly faces.

“Would you like to join us？” asked one of them.

This 14 invitation was exactly what he needed. Sam nodded yes 15 and joined them. He was sure about his future school life now.

1. A. company    B. family    C. factory    D. school

2. A. best    B. longest      C. shortest    D. worst

3. A. eat    B. learn      C. run      D. sleep

4. A. brother    B. father    C. mother    D. sister

5. A. hated    B. imagined    C. tried      D. suggested

6. A. so      B. or          C. but        D. if

7. A. discussion    B. dream    C. business    D. friendship

8. A. safe      B. hard        C. natural    D. terrible

9. A. proud    B. sorry    C. excited  D. surprised

10. A. He      B.I        C. She        D. We

11. A. forget    B. move      C. return    D. worry

12. A. breakfast    B. lunch    C. tea      D. dinner

13. A. sat down  B. got up    C. ran away  D. turned around

14. A. unexpected    B. creative    C. funny      D. popular

15. A. bravely    B. happily    C. nervously    D. patiently

本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了山姆在新学校的第一天，虽然对新生活有担忧， 但是为了让母亲放心，他还是勇敢地去面对，最后他意外地在第一天就收获了他人的友善邀约。

文章主要考查名词、形容词及形容词最高级、连词、代词、动词及动词短语和副词的用法，以及对文章语境的把握，和对全文的整体理解。

题1：考查名词辨析。company公司;family家庭; factory工厂; school学校。根据下文“ For most students， lunch is the best part of the school day.” 可知， 此处指的是山姆在学校的第一天，故选D。

题2：考查形容词最高级辨析。best最好的; longest最长的; shortest最短的;worst最糟糕的。根据下文“It is time when you talk with your friends， get to know what interesting things everyone is doing， and， of course， eat.”可知，此处指的是午餐是学校一天中最好的部分，故选A。

题3：考查动词辨析。eat吃; learn学习; run跑; sleep睡觉。根据上文“ lunch is the best part of the school day”可知， 午餐时可以和你的朋友聊天，了解每个人都在做什么有趣的事情，当然，还有吃饭，故选A。

题4：考查名词辨析。brother哥哥; father父亲; mother母亲; sister姐姐。根据下文 “She had always been ready to defend（保卫）not only the family but also the country.”可知， 山姆的母親在部队服役，故选C。

题5：考查动词辨析。hated讨厌; imagined想象; tried尝试; suggested建议。根据下文“He wondered if their friendship would continue. He didn’t want to lose them， but he knew it would be hard for them to stay close.”可知，他很讨厌离开自己最好的朋友，故选A。

题6：考查连词辨析。so因此; or或者; but但是; if是否。根据前后句句意可知，空格处应填入表转折的连词，故选C。

题7：考查名词辨析。discussion讨论; dream梦想; business生意; friendship友谊。根据下文“He didn’t want to lose them， but he knew it would be hard for them to stay close.”山姆不想失去两个最好的朋友，但他怀疑他们能否继续保持亲密，此处指的是他怀疑他们的友谊能否继续下去，故选D。

题8：考查形容词辨析。safe安全的; hard困难的; natural自然的; terrible可怕的。根据上文“They still talked to each other through phone calls and emails， but he couldn’t see them every day.”可知，他们只能通过电话和电子邮件保持联系，所以要维持亲密无间的友谊很难，故选B。

题9：考查形容词辨析。proud骄傲的; sorry歉疚的; excited兴奋的; surprised惊讶的。根据下文“Sam could see regret in her eyes”可知，母亲感到很愧疚，故此处指的是“我”真的很抱歉你不得不频繁地换学校，故选B。

题10：考查代词辨析。He他; I我; She她; We我们。根据上文“Sam’s mother was in the arm”可知，山姆的母亲是军人，故此处指的是她时刻准备着保家卫国，故选C。

题11：考查动词辨析。forget忘记; move移动; return返回; worry担心。根据上文“I know this is hard on you”可知，母亲对山姆不停地换学校还是有点抱歉和担心的，故此处指的是他给了她一个微笑，告诉她不要担心，故选D。

题12：考查名词辨析。breakfast早饭; lunch午饭; tea 茶; dinner晚饭。根据上文“lunch was only thirty minutes away”可知，此处指的是午餐时间很快就到了，故选B。

题13：考查动词短语辨析。sat down坐下; got up起床; ran away逃跑; turned around转身。根据上文“a voice behind him said”可知，身后传来了声音，于是山姆转过了身，故选D。

题14：考查形容词辨析。unexpected出乎意料的; creative有创造力的; funny好笑的; popular受欢迎的。根据上文“Sam， however， didn’t know anyone or anything， like where to sit or with whom to sit at lunch.”可知，今天是山姆在新学校的第一天，所以他不知道和谁去吃午饭，故此处指的是这一令人意外的邀请正是他所需要的，故选A。

题15：考查副词辨析。bravely勇敢地; happily快乐地; nervously紧张地; patiently耐心地。根据上文“This unexpected invitation was exactly what he needed.”可知，這一令人意外的邀请正是他所需要的，所以他很愉快地接受了这一邀请，故选B。