覃罗平
[摘要] 随着产前超声检查技术的不断发展,经会阴超声在分娩预测中发挥了重要作用,与传统的临床产前内诊检查相比,经会阴三维超声检查进行产前评估具有无创性、简单、重复性好等优点。本文通过产前超声分娩预测的适应证、常用指标及临床应用进展进行综述,为临床医生及助产士提供参考。
[关键词] 会阴超声检查;进展角;胎儿头-会阴间距;耻骨弓角度;肛提肌裂孔面积;分娩预测
[中图分类号] R714.5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2021)12-0184-03
Research progress of transperineal ultrasonography in prenatal delivery prediction
QIN Luoping
Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, People′s Hospital of Baise in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise 533000, China
[Abstract] With the continuous development of prenatal ultrasound examination technology, transperineal ultrasound plays an important role in the prediction of delivery. Compared with conventional clinical prenatal diagnosis, prenatal evaluation by transperineal three-dimensional ultrasound examination has the advantages of non-invasive, simple and good reproducibility. The indications, common indexes and clinical application progress of prenatal ultrasound delivery predictions were reviewed to provide reference for clinicians and midwives in this paper.
[Key words] Perineal ultrasonography; Progressive angle; Fetal head-perineal spacing; Angle of pubic arch; Area of levator hiatus; Delivery prediction
對分娩结果准确预测、降低剖宫产率是临床产科的主要目标,经会阴超声检查是产前分娩预测的主要检查方法,可以为临床医师、护士对产程的评估及产程的正确处理提供有效的研究资料[1]。以往产科医生和助产士经过阴道指检和临床经验预测孕妇产道和评估产程[2],但阴道指检评估错误高达68.2%[3],与阴道指检相比,经会阴超声检查评估更准确[4-5]。因此,诸多的研究者将会阴三维(3D)和四维(4D)超声用于骨盆底评估,并建议用于预测分娩结果[6]。经会阴超声检查已用于评估阴道分娩胎头通过产道的情况,2018年国际妇产科超声学会(The international society of ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology,ISUOG)指南回顾分析关于产时超声多种技术,包括线性技术和角度技术,用以评估宫颈扩张、胎头下降和位置,进行产时管理起到一定作用,并在一定程度上区分自然阴道分娩和剖腹产的孕妇[7],此外,多数文献研究表明,分娩中的超声检查可以在一定程度上预测阴道分娩的结局[8],本文就近年十年来诸多出版物经会阴超声检查在自然阴道分娩预测中的参数研究进展进行综述。……