虚拟现实技术在飞机装配中的应用与发展

詹建国

[摘    要]计算机技术和网络技术不断发展，推动着飞机装配技术不断发展。迄今为止，飞机装配技术已经经历了人工装配、半数字化装配和数字化装配的发展阶段。飞机装配的方法、工艺装配不断的改进和提升，促使飞机装配工作强度不断降低、装配效率和质量不断提高。以互联网为核心的新一轮科技和产业革命蓄势待发，智能制造、虚拟现实等新技术日新月异，飞机装配从数字化装配阶段，也将逐步往数字化智能装配阶段转变。连接人与智能制造环境，增强人获取和利用信息的能力，提升人的感知、分析、决策、执行能力，成为重中之重。而虚拟现实技术作为一种高级人机交互技术，能在智能制造系统中提供人与智能设备之间传递、交换信息的媒介和对话接口，实现数字虚体、物理实体与意识个体三者之间的有机融合，将能助推飞机数字化装配向智能化装配发展。

[关键词]虚拟现实;增强现实;装配工艺设计;装配指令

[中图分类号]V262.4 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]2095–6487（2021）01–0–02

Application and Development of Virtual Reality Technology in Aircraft Assembly

Zhan Jian-guo

[Abstract]The continuous development of computer technology and network technology promotes the continuous development of aircraft assembly technology. So far， aircraft assembly technology has gone through the development stages of manual assembly， semi digital assembly and digital assembly. With the continuous improvement of aircraft assembly methods and process， the intensity of aircraft assembly work is constantly reduced， and the assembly efficiency and quality are constantly improved. A new round of technological and industrial revolution with the Internet as the core is ready to take place. New technologies such as intelligent manufacturing and virtual reality are changing with each passing day. Aircraft assembly will gradually change from the digital assembly stage to the digital intelligent assembly stage. Connecting people with the intelligent manufacturing environment， enhancing people's ability to obtain and use information， and improving people's ability of perception， analysis， decision-making and execution have become the top priority. As an advanced human-computer interaction technology， virtual reality technology can provide the media and dialogue interface for information transmission and exchange between human and intelligent devices in intelligent manufacturing system， and realize the organic integration of digital virtual body， physical entity and conscious individual， which will promote the development of aircraft digital assembly to intelligent assembly.

[Keywords]virtual reality; augmented reality; assembly process design; assembly instruction

飞机产品尺寸大、外形结构复杂、零件数量巨大、协调关系繁多，因此飞机装配技术是一项难度大、涉及学科领域多的综合性制造技术。飞机装配主要目的是按产品设计的要求，用合理的工艺方法，进行零件制造、组部件装配、大部件对接，进而完成总装和试飞，交付用户运行。此过程中，需要大量复杂、形式多样的行业知识。同时，要合理配备厂房设施、工艺装备、工具刀具、原材料、零件等資源，以形成这些资源配置使用的信息流，使装配资源和信息有机结合，作用于整个过程，完成飞机复杂的装配工作。……