黄淮麦区小麦品种（系）籽粒硬度分布及其对品质和产量性状的影响

朱保磊 陈金平 师令智 李刚 赵永涛 石守设 李宇峰 陈杰 陈建辉 尹志刚

摘要 以黄淮麦区主推品种（系）为试验材料，通过测定籽粒硬度的分布概况，分析其与产量性状和品质性状的关系，以期为小麦品质改良提供理论支持。结果表明，黄淮麦区中硬质麦的比例最高，为67.37%，混合型和软质麦的占比较低，分别为11.05%和21.58%，硬度值的分布范围较广，为18～85。通过分析不同硬度类型小麦与产量性状的关系可知，在产量和千粒重指标上软质麦显著高于混合麦和硬质麦，而在穗粒数和单穗重指标上不同硬度表型的材料无显著差异，这说明籽粒硬度主要通过关联千粒重这一指标来实现对产量的影响;不同硬度表型与品质参数的关系表现为，在和面时间和SDS-沉淀值参数上硬质麦显著高于混合麦和软质麦。该研究结果表明，籽粒硬度与产量性状和品质性状联系紧密，在育种过程中可以作为重要的辅助手段应用到小麦育种过程中。

关键词 籽粒硬度;产量;品质;育种

中图分类号 S512.1文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）10-0035-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.10.009

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Distribution of Wheat Varieties （Lines） Hardness in Huanghuai Wheat Region and Their Influence on Yield and Quality Characters

ZHU Bao-lei，CHEN Jin-ping，SHI Ling-zhi et al （Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Xinyang， Henan 464000）

Abstract The main wheat varieties （lines） in Huanghuai Region were used as experimental materials.In order to provide theoretical support for wheat quality improvement， the relationship between yield traits and quality traits was analyzed.The results showed that in Huanghuai wheat region， the proportion of hard wheat was the highest （67.37%）， while the proportion of mixed type and soft wheat was low， which were 11.05% and 21.58%， respectively.The hardness value was widely distributed， ranging from 18 to 85. Through the analysis of the relationship between different hardness types of wheat and yield traits， it can be seen that soft wheat was significantly higher than mixed wheat and hard wheat in yield and 1 000-grain weight index， but there was no significant differences in grain number per spike and single spike weight index of different hardness phenotypes of materials， which indicated that grain hardness mainly affected yield through 1 000-grain weight.The relationship between different hardness phenotypes and quality parameters showed that hard wheat was significantly higher than mixed wheat and soft wheat in blending time and SDS sedimentation value parameters.The results showed that grain hardness was closely related to yield and quality traits， and could be used as an important auxiliary means in wheat breeding.

Key words Grain hardness;Yield;Quality;Breeding

在育種过程中籽粒硬度是育种家最关注的品质性状之一，对小麦产量性状和加工品质性状都有重要的影响。根据小麦籽粒的胚乳质地，普通小麦可被划分为硬质麦、混合麦和软质麦3种表型。前人研究表明，籽粒硬度主要受位于5D染色体短臂上的一对主效基因和其他染色体位点上的微效基因调控[1]。其中，位于Ha（Hardness）位点上的2个基因puroindoline a和puroindoline b控制着小麦籽粒硬度形成的分子遗传基础，任一基因发生突变都会直接导致小麦硬度值的增加[2]。……