科技汉语教材编写模式探析

胡越 王宇晨

摘  要：科技汉语教学需要将专业词汇、科技语体及其句法特点等方面都纳入教学内容范围，相关教材的编写也要根据这些内容进行课文的筛选和练习的设计，并考虑与相关课程的配合。目前的科技汉语教材在层次定位、文本筛选、生词界定、与专业课程关系、任务设计等方面普遍存在问题，而科技汉语在很大程度上必须依赖书面阅读的形式开展教学。科技汉语教材应以语言功能项目为纲，可分为初、中、高三个等级。不同等级配合不同的专业课和通用汉语课情况进行教学目标、课时量、授课方式的设定。这样一方面能够考虑不同阶段以恰当的方式与各阶段的词汇和句式进行衔接，另一方面可以让学生通过语言水平的逐步提高获得学习上的获得感。

关键词：科技汉语;教材编写;课程设置;理工科留学生

中图分类号：G640 文献标志码：A         文章编号：2096-000X（2021）06-0080-04

Abstract： In order to make overseas students of science major to learn their disciplines in Chinese， it is necessary to include professional terms， science texts style and its syntax features in teaching， and text selection and exercise design have to correspond with the content in textbook composing which should also take collaborating with course setting into consideration. Current textbooks of Chinese for Science may have deficiencies in level targeting， text selection， words delimit， subject relationship and task design. The teaching of Chinese for Science has to rely on book reading to a great extent and the textbook composing is correspondingly subject to education objectives， style features， vocabulary etc. The language functionsshould be outlined in the textbooks and in three levels should be composed： elementary， intermediate and advanced. The levels differ in teaching objectives， class hours and teaching methodology by collaborating with the corresponding situation of academic courses and Chinese for general purpose. In this way， the teaching of lexicon and syntax of different levels is properly linked up while students will gain more through gradual enhancement.

Keywords： Chinese for Science; textbook composing; course setting; overseas students of science major

來华接受学历教育的留学生在汉语基础阶段之后，仍需要进行一定程度的汉语学习，才能弥补其汉语水平与运用汉语进行专业学习之间的鸿沟。对于理工专业的这类留学生而言，还要根据学生的具体情况进行一定程度的数理化知识补习，而这同时也需要相应的、额外的语言学习。但是，作为学生的汉语基础，目前普遍使用的通用汉语类教材和教学大纲、标准都没有在词汇、句型、篇章以及功能理解和表达方面做出有针对性的设计。很多学校对完成预科的标准也设定在HSK四级即可，即使是预科要求达到五级，学生在科技汉语的词汇、特有句式、语体、场景运用等方面仍有所欠缺。……