韩明慧 唐梅 王川河 卢林双 杨帆 李妍
摘 要:芝麻中含有豐富的营养物质且种类齐全,其蛋白质和脂肪含量分别高达21.9%、61.7%,且芝麻蛋白有良好的吸水性、吸油性及润湿性,具有良好的凝胶成形性[1-2]。蛋白质凝胶近年来受到人们的关注,是因为其作为高分子材料,原材料来源广泛,并且可以生物降解。然而,目前对植物蛋白凝胶的研究主要集中在大豆蛋白上,而对芝麻蛋白及其凝胶特性的研究基本仍处在空白阶段,研究芝麻蛋白的凝胶特性对于芝麻蛋白凝胶制品的开发具有很好的市场前景。该文综述了芝麻蛋白凝胶的研究进展,为芝麻蛋白凝胶特性的研究提供参考。
关键词:芝麻蛋白;凝胶特性;文献综述
中图分类号 TS201.21文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731(2021)09-0020-03
Abstract: Sesame is rich in nutrients and has a wide range of species. It is found that its protein and fat content is up to 21.9% and 61.7% respectively. Sesame protein has good water absorbency, oil absorption and wettability, and has good gel formability. In recent years, protein gels have attracted much attention because they are widely used as polymeric materials, and their raw materials are widely distributed and biodegradable. However, the research of plant protein gels is mainly focused on soy protein. The research on sesame protein and its gel properties is still at a blank stage. Therefore, studying the gel properties of sesame protein has a good prospect for the development of sesame protein gel products.This article reviews the research progress of sesame protein gels, providing new ideas for the research of sesame protein gel properties.
Key words: Sesame protein; Gel properties; Literature review
芝麻榨油后的饼粕中的蛋白质含量高达50%[3]。芝麻粕的蛋白质含量与豆粕相当,而且芝麻粕的成本相对大豆粕的更低。脱皮和脱脂的芝麻粕可作为蛋白质色氨酸或蛋氨酸补充剂用于食品中。由于脱脂芝麻粉含有高质量的蛋白质,其在对抗蛋白质热量营养不良方面具有巨大的潜力。尽管芝麻中含有植酸盐、草酸盐等抗营养因子,但在加工过程中它们会显著减少。因此,芝麻粕作为芝麻蛋白的原料是一种优质的植物蛋白资源[20]。然而,目前对芝麻蛋白的加工利用仍处于粗放型阶段,对芝麻蛋白凝胶特性等的研究及工艺优化方面尚处于空白阶段。为此,本文以芝麻粕中提取的蛋白质为研究对象,通过查阅芝麻及蛋白凝胶相关文献,总结其研究现状,为芝麻蛋白凝胶特性的深入研究提供参考。……