红花指管蚜虫对顶羽菊植物趋向性调查研究

马存德 田国庆 李燕魁 杨祎辰 王二欢

摘 要：2017—2020年对新疆乌鲁木齐北部山区、昌吉、伊犁、塔城的红花产区以及云南产区进行实地调查，重点观察红花种植地块及其周边顶羽菊的分布、红花指管蚜虫数量及其分布，探索红花指管蚜虫对顶羽菊植物具有趋向性这一现象存在的普遍性，为红花生态种植中防治红花蚜虫和顶羽菊提供新思路。结果表明：生长在红花地中的顶羽菊植株上密集着红花指管蚜虫，而相邻的红花植株上鲜有见到。说明与红花相比，顶羽菊对红花指管蚜虫具有更强的趋向性（正趋性）。调整研究结果对红花的生态种植及虫害草害防治具有重要意义。

关键词：红花指管蚜虫;顶羽菊;趋向性;病虫害防治

中图分类号 S433文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）09-0093-04

Abstract： Field investigation was conducted on the safflower producing areas in the northern mountainous areas of Urumqi， Changji， Yili and Tacheng， as well as the producing areas in Yunnan， focusing on the distribution of Acroptilon repens in safflower planting plots and their surrounding areas， and the presence and distribution of Uroleucon gobonis.The aim is to clarify the universality of the phenomenon that the Uroleucon gobonis tend to Acroptilon repens plant， and to provide a new idea for the control of Uroleucon gobonis and Acroptilon repens in the ecological cultivation of Safflower.The results showed that Uroleucon gobonis were concentrated on the Acroptilon repens plants growing in the safflower field， but seldom on the neighboring safflower plants. These results indicated that Acroptilon repens had a stronger positive tendency to Uroleucon gobonis than safflower， which was of great significance for ecological planting and pest control of safflower and the control of insect pests and weeds.

Key words： Uroleucon gobonis （Matsumura）; Acroptilon repens; Tendency; Pest control

红花指管蚜虫，别名牛蒡长管蚜，属同翅目蚜科长管蚜属，学名Dactynotus gobonis Matsumur，异名Macrosiphum gobonis Matsumura、Uroleucon gobonis （Matsumura），是红花种植中最常见的害虫。红花指管蚜虫分为无翅孤雌蚜和有翅孤蚜2种。无翅孤雌蚜体长3～4mm，体黑色，腹管、尾片也为黑色，腹管长圆筒形，明显长于尾片，基部粗，向上渐细。有翅孤蚜体长约3mm，2对透明翅，头胸黑色，腹部色浅，触角长于体长，腹管楔形。红花指管蚜虫有群聚和强烈的趋嫩习性，成蚜和若蚜群集于红花植株顶端的嫩枝梢及其叶片背面和花蕾，以刺吸口器吸食植株的汁液，使植株生长受阻，分枝和花蕾减少。以卵在牛蒡等寄主上越冬，次年春季卵孵化为干母后，开始孤雌生殖并危害牛蒡和蓟类，随后有翅蚜向红花迁飞，1年可发生10余代，适宜条件下5～6d即可完成1代。……