龙嘉航 侯金亮 周文 向建国 潘望城



摘要 [目的]为棘胸蛙的细胞遗传学研究奠定基础,并为棘胸蛙的遗传组成分析提供理论参考。[方法]以湖南省石门棘胸蛙为试验材料,腹腔注射秋水仙素,取其骨髓细胞,进行低渗、固定,采用空气干燥法制片,吉姆萨染液染色,观察棘胸蛙染色体核型和特征。[结果]棘胸蛙染色体数目为2n=26,占所观察分裂相总数的88.33%;核型公式为2n=26(4sm+9m),没有发现随体和次缢痕。[结论]湖南石门棘胸蛙没有异形性染色体。棘胸蛙染色体核型存在地域差异(种间差异)。
关键词 棘胸蛙;染色体;核型
中图分类号 S917.4 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2021)09-0095-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.09.024
Abstract [Objective] To lay the foundation for the cytogenetic research of Quasipaa spinosa and provide theoretical references for the genetic composition analysis of Q. spinosa.[Method] Q. spinosa in Shimen of Hunan Province was used as test materials to make intraperitoneal injection of colchicine. The bone marrow cells were collected to make hypotonic treatment and fixation. The slices were prepared by using air-drying method and stained by Giemsa staining method.The chromosome karyotype and characteristics of Q. spinosa were observed. [Result] The chromosome number of Q. spinosa was 2n=26,which took 88.33% of all observed mitotic metaphases.The karyotypic formula of Q. spinosa was 2n=26(4sm+9m).No satellite or subconstriction was found. [Conclusion] There was no heteromorphic sex chromosome in Q. spinosa in Shimen of Hunan Province. The karyotype of Q. spinosa had regional differences(interspecies differences).
Key words Quasipaa spinosa;Chromosome;Karyotype
棘胸蛙(Quasipaa spinosa)隶属两栖纲无尾目新蛙亚目叉舌蛙科棘蛙属,其中大多数种确认分布在中国和越南[1]。棘胸蛙是流水穴居生活型蛙类,喜静怕噪,常昼伏夜出[2]。棘胸蛙自然资源日益减少,目前被世界自然保护联盟(International Union for the Conservation of Nature,IUCN)红色名录和中国物种红色名录定为易危物种[3-4]。棘胸蛙肉质鲜嫩,必需氨基酸含量高,具有强壮滋补的药用价值,其市场前景广阔。
染色体是遗传信息的载体,研究两栖类的染色体,对于探讨两栖类的遗传、变异及进化具有一定的意义[5-6]。目前,国内外对棘胸蛙的研究主要围绕种质资源调查[7-8]、功能基因克隆[9-10]、疾病[11-12]等方面。许多学者对不同地理居群的棘胸蛙进行了染色体核型分析,未发现雌雄间存在核型差异[13-15]。
笔者采用骨髓细胞冷滴片法,比较了湖南石门县棘胸蛙雌雄个体的染色体核型,以期丰富棘胸蛙细胞遗传学信息,并为棘蛙属系统演化提供基础数据。……