摘要:近年尼勒克县畜牧业获得迅速发展,但是其草原面积锐减。如果以破坏尼勒克县草原生态的方式发展草原畜牧业,不利于草原畜牧业长远发展,也会影响尼勒克县经济持续发展。需要在了解尼勒克县草原畜牧发展现状、存在问题的基础上,对其可持续发展途径研究,并执行有效的草原畜牧管理对策。
关键词:尼勒克县草原;畜牧业;可持续发展;对策
中图分类号:S812;F326.3 文献标识码:B doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-3637.2021.21.080
Present Situation and Sustainable Development Countermeasures of Animal Husbandry in Nileke County,Xinjiang
Abstract:Nilka county's livestock industry has grown rapidly in recent years,but the area of its grasslands has declined sharply.If the grassland animal husbandry is developed in a way that destroys the ecology of the Nilka County Grassland,it will not be conducive to the long-term development of the grassland animal husbandry and will affect the sustainable development of the Nilka county economy.It is necessary to understand the current situation and problems of grassland animal husbandry in Nilka county,and to study its sustainable development approach and implement effective grassland animal husbandry management countermeasures.
Keywords:grassland of Nileke county,animal husbandry,sustainable development,countermeasure
引言
为促进尼勒克县草原畜牧可持续发展,要将加强草原生态建设作为切入点,充分发挥政府的宏观调控作用,根据尼勒克县草原畜牧发展呈现出的问题,提出宏观的尼勒克县草原畜牧可持续发展策略与有效途径,促进尼勒克县草原畜牧的绿色、生态、可持续发展。
1 尼勒克县草原畜牧发展现状
尼勒克县地处中天山西段,在伊犁地区东北部,境跨东经81.85′~84.58′、北纬43.25′~44.17′。尼勒克县属大陆性北温带气候,日照时间长,光能资源丰富,昼夜日差较大,降水丰富。2019年末农林牧渔业总产值28.9亿元,同比增长2.71%,牧业总产值18.9亿元,同比增长3.6%;牧业增加值11.2亿元,同比增长3.6%。尼勒克县的年牲畜存栏量为92.02万头(只),同比下降5.93%;牲畜出栏量为78.5万头(只),同比增长约2.48%;全年肉类总产量为435 523 t,同比增长4.53%;生牛奶产量为71 527 t,同比增长9.0%;绵羊毛产量增产至1 630 t,同比下降23.77%。
2 尼勒克县草原畜牧发展中存在的问题
2.1 草场病虫害问题严重
尼勒克县是我国蝗虫、鼠害灾害比较严重的地区。虽然已经开展多年的草原灾害治理工作,但是此类灾害仍旧存在,并严重危害草场生态,导致了比较严重的草场退化问题[1]。……