核桃砧木不同处理对嫁接苗木的影响

罗小妹 周晓康

摘 要：为提高核桃嫁接成活率，在甘肃天水地区开展了核桃砧木平茬、不平茬以及不同平茬时间等试验，研究了不同处理对嫁接成活率和嫁接苗生长量的影响。供试砧木为2年生早实核桃实生苗，嫁接品种为‘香玲，分别在3月上旬、4月上旬对核桃砧木平茬，对照为不平茬，11月中旬调查苗木嫁接成活率以及成活苗木生长量。结果表明：3月上旬平茬核桃砧木对苗木嫁接成活率有较大的提高，成活率在75%以上;建议大面积繁育核桃苗时，核桃砧木夏季芽接时应在春季3月上旬进行砧木平茬，接芽萌发速度较快，可提高成活率。

关键词：核桃砧木;平茬;嫁接成活率

文章编号：2096-8108（2021）02-0013-02 中图分类号：S664.1 文献标识码：A

Abstract：In order to improve the grafting survival rate of walnut， experiments were carried out in Tianshui of Gansu Province to study the effects of different treatments on the grafting survival rate and the growth of grafted seedlings. Two years old early bearing walnut seedlings were used in the experiment， and the grafted cultivar was Xiangling. The walnut rootstocks were renewal？cut in early March and early April respectively， and the control was not treated. The grafting survival rate and growth of survival seedlings were investigated in mid November. The results showed that the grafting survival rate of walnut rootstock in early March was greatly improved， and the survival rate was more than 75%. It was suggested that the rootstock in early March in spring should be were renewal cut before the budding of walnut rootstock for large-scale breeding of walnut seedlings in summer. The germination speed of grafting buds was faster， which could improve the survival rate.

Keywords：walnut rootstock; different treatments; grafting survival rate

目前，在核桃生產区采用苗木嫁接来提高核桃苗木品种纯度，增加核桃种植效益，但核桃单宁含量高，伤流较重，导致嫁接成活率低，苗木售价高。近年来，我们在甘肃天水地区进行了试验研究，开展了核桃砧木平茬与不平茬、不同平茬时间等试验，研究了不同处理对嫁接成活率和嫁接苗生长量的影响。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验地概况

试验地位于天水市果树研究所核桃育苗圃内，位于北纬34°45′东径105°44′，年平均气温为10.9 ℃，年平均降水量580 mm，全年无霜期182 d，年日照时数1 286 h，土壤地力中等，沙质土壤，pH值8.1。

1.2 试验材料

砧木选择：供试砧木选用2年生早实核桃实生优质壮苗。

供试接穗：选择天水市果树研究所核桃品种试验园‘香玲品种树冠外围生长健壮、无病害的半木质化新梢为接穗。……