全民健康背景下的兽医立法完善研究

摘 要：动物疾病防控和保障动物产品安全是提升全民健康水平的重要因素。其中，兽医管理制度的建设成为完善动物检验检疫工作、提升动物产品安全水平的关键因素。现阶段，我国兽医管理法律制度存在诸多不完善之处，亟需在立法中予以改进。为此，应当首先定位兽医法的从业人员管理法与保障法双重特性，明确兽医法在公共卫生法体系中的地位。进而，围绕兽医管理中的现实问题，构建兽医人员统一管理制度、从业人员保障制度、二元情景下的动物疾病监测制度。通过体系化的兽医管理法律制度建设，以期构筑动物安全检验检疫的安全网，助力全民健康水平的提高。

关键词：全民健康;兽医法;功能定位;制度优化

Abstracts： Prevention and control of animal diseases and ensuring the safety of animal products are important factors in improving the health of the whole people. Among them， the construction of veterinary management system has become a key factor in improving animal inspection and quarantine work and improving the safety level of animal products. At this stage， there are many imperfections in the legal system of veterinary management in my country， and it is urgent to improve it in legislation. To this end， we should firstly locate the dual characteristics of the veterinary law's practitioners management law and safeguard law， and clarify the status of the veterinary law in the public health law system. Furthermore， around the practical problems in veterinary management， a unified management system for veterinary personnel， a security system for practitioners， and an animal disease monitoring system under dual scenarios are constructed. Through the construction of a systematic legal system for veterinary management， we hope to build a safety net for animal safety inspection and quarantine， and help improve the health of the whole people.

Key words：national health; Veterinary law; Functional positioning; System optimization

一、问题的提出

2016年，中共中央审议通过了《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》，旨在推进健康中国建设，提升人民健康水平。而随着各类活体动物尤其是养殖动物数量的不断壮大和各类动物产品的日益繁多，动物疾病和动物产品的安全程度对人类整体健康水平产生了重要影响。这使得动物疾病防控和动物产品检验检疫成为社会公众关注的焦点问题，而动物疾病防控和动物产品检验检疫的成效，有赖于兽医队伍的建设。实践中，兽医的执业范围主要包括以下几类：第一，动物疾病的防范、管控、扑杀;第二，动物产品的检验检疫与质量监管;第三，动物医学的科技研究。实践中，根据兽医的从业领域与职业性质不同，可以将兽医分为三类：官方兽医、执业兽医，以及兽医专业技术人员。……