黄河河口不同流路入海泥沙对下游影响二维数模分析

李东风 张红武 钟德钰 胡建永 马梁超 江曹栋

摘 要：黄河河口入海泥沙在涨潮流和拦门沙的阻滞作用下对黄河下游泥沙运动产生重大影响。以已建立的河口海洋水沙二维数学模型为基础，对规划运用初期的清水沟北汊流路、刁口河流路和十八户流路典型水沙过程进行了计算，分析了3条流路入海口的海洋动力和泥沙运动，得到了入海泥沙对黄河下游的影响范围为距泺口断面90～215 km。研究了未来50 a进入下游的水沙设计和流路规划成果，采用清水沟、刁口河联合运用方案，计算了未来50 a入海水沙运动对下游的影响，结果表明：在此方案下，西河口水位维持在10.23～11.18 m。结合黄河三角洲高效生态经济区发展需求，清水沟和刁口河联合运用方案为最优方案，十八户流路海域封闭且海洋动力比较弱，可以作为远景备用流路。

关键词：黄河河口;二维数学模型;入海泥沙;黄河下游;清水沟流路;刁口河流路;十八户流路

中图分类号：TV142;TV882.1 文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.05.004

Abstract： The sediment flowing into the Yellow River estuary has a great influence to the sediment movement in the lower Yellow River under the blocking action of the tidal current and sandbars. Based on the established two-dimensional mathematical model of estuarine water and sediment， the typical water and sediment processes of North Branch estuarine of Qingshuigou， Diaokou River estuarine and Shibahu River estuarine in the early stage of planning and operation were calculated and the marine dynamics and sediment movement of the three channels into the estuary were analyzed. The results show that the influence range of sediment to the lower Yellow River is 90-215 km away from Luokou section. The results of water and sediment design and flow path planning in the next 50 years were studied. The combined operation scheme 4 of Qingshuigou and Diaokou rivers recommended by China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower and Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.， Ltd. was adopted to calculate the impact of water and sediment movement on the downstream in the next 50 years. The results show that under this scheme， the water level of Xihekou will be maintained between 10.23 m and 11.18 m. Combined with the development needs of the efficient ecological economic zone in the Yellow River delta， scheme 4 of the joint operation of Qingshuigou and Diaokou river is the optimal flow path and the sea area of Shibahu flow path is closed and the marine power is relatively weak， so it can be used as the future backup flow path.

Key words： Yellow River estuary; 2D numerical simulation; sediment into sea; Lower Yellow River; Qingshuigou flow path; Diaokouhe flow path; Shibahu flow path

1 引 言

黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展已上升为重大国家战略[1]。有计划地稳定使用河口入海流路是黄河三角洲高效生态经济区发展的基础。黄河河口治理与黄河下游治理密切相关，黄河口涨潮和拦门沙阻滞黄河入海水沙运动，对黄河下游防洪将产生不利影响。黄河河口入海流路稳定与黄河下游治理特别是山东黄河密切相关[2]，2013年3月国务院批复的《黄河流域综合规划》在涉及“河口入海流路規划”时指出：“入海流路规划要遵循黄河河口自然演变规律，以保障黄河下游防洪安全为前提，以河口生态良性维持为基础，充分发挥三角洲地区的资源优势，促进地区经济社会的可持续发展。……