付宇鹏 梁忠民 李彬权 杨钊华



摘 要:SCS模型简单实用且不依赖于实测水文资料,可用于解决无资料地区的水文模拟与预报问题,但若直接采用模型推荐的综合参数,模拟或预报精度往往不高。为提高SCS模型在渭河流域的适用性,选择渭河流域资料较为充分的咸阳、秦渡镇和武山3个典型子流域,通过改变前期土壤湿度的估算方法和增加径流曲线数CN的分级,重新确定潜在蓄水能力与径流曲线数S—CN关系式的常数项,得到适合渭河流域的SCS产流模型,并在渭河流域的千阳和甘谷2个子流域加以验证。结果表明,适合渭河流域的SCS产流模型常数项为112,与原模型相比,修订后的SCS模型精度较高,计算径流深的相对误差及纳什效率系数指标均有显著改善。因此,常数项修订为112的SCS模型对渭河流域的水文模拟与预报具有一定的适用性。
关键词:SCS模型;无资料地区;CN值;S—CN关系;渭河流域
中图分类号:TV121;TV882.1 文献标志码:A
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.05.005
Abstract: The SCS model is simple, practical and independent of the measured hydrological data, which can be used to solve the hydrological simulation and predictionissues in the areas without data. However, if the comprehensive parameters recommended by the model are directly used, the simulation or prediction accuracy is often not high. In order to improve the applicability of SCS model to the Weihe River basin, Xianyang, Qinduzhen and Wushan sub basins with sufficient data conditions were selected. By changing the estimation method of soil moisture in the early stage and increasing the classification of curve number (CN), the constant term of S-CN relationship was re-determined, the SCS runoff generation model suitable for the Weihe River basin was revised and verified in Qianyang and Gangu sub-basins of the Weihe River basin. The results show that the constant term of SCS model suitable for Weihe River basin is 112. Compared with the original model, the revised SCS model has higher accuracy and the relative error of runoff depth and the index of Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients are significantly improved. Therefore, SCS model with constant term revised to 112 is applicable to hydrological simulation and prediction of the Weihe River basin.
Key words: SCS model; ungauged basin; CN value; S-CN relation; Weihe River basin
1 引 言
流域水文模型在水文過程模拟与预报中具有重要作用,但其对水文资料的要求一般也很高,应用于无资料地区时存在一定困难,因此研发对水文资料依赖性低的水文模型成为国内外学者研究的热点。其中,美国农业部水土保持局提出的SCS模型,仅依靠流域的下垫面特征和前期土壤湿润程度,即可确定模型唯一的参数——径流曲线数(Curve Number,CN),实现产流计算,因此得到了广泛应用[1-4]。
然而,SCS模型来源于美国较大尺度的流域,通过对众多流域的分析,确定了一套综合的模型参数CN值表和关系式,当应用于我国的流域时,不一定能够确切反映当地流域的实际情况,需对原模型参数进行适当调整。……