黄河下游河势控制与滩区治理示范工程的实施及效果

龚西城 张昊 李琳琪 郑和涛 苏乃华 王勤修 左俊超

摘 要：河势控制与滩区治理示范研究课题实施状况，直接影响国家重点研发计划专项“黄河下游河道与滩区治理研究”项目成果推广使用前景。在阐述课题研究目标、执行情况及示范河段概况基础上，分别介绍了“钢结构异型板桩坝河势控导”“上挑变流坝促淤”“钢管轮胎透水桩坝束流输沙”“Z型钢板桩护滩”“钢管排桩坝护岸”“钢管轮胎透水桩整合坝送溜”“钢管透水桩缓冲限流”等示范工程形式。这些工程的实施，不仅实现了河势控导、变流促淤、束流输沙、护滩防塌、护岸防冲、整合送溜、缓冲限流等预期目的，满足当地群众需要，而且增加了示范工程种类，扩大了示范作用，达到了更好的示范效果。尤其是不占原有农田，有效保护了耕地，河内进占便宜且不需要抢险维护，在下游能够直接淤出广阔嫩滩，有利于生态修复，可直接和间接产生巨大的经济社会与生态效益。

关键词：河势控导;滩区治理;示范工程;钢结构异形板桩坝;钢管透水桩坝;黄河下游

中图分类号：TV91;TV882.1 文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.05.010

Abstract： The demonstration research project of river regime control and beach area control is an important link to make the national key science and technology research and development programof “Research on River Channel and Beach Area Control of the Lower Yellow River” achieve the final results and be popularized in the lower Yellow River. This paper presented the “steel shaped sheet pile dam for river potential control”， “upward-facing variable flow dam for siltation”， “steel pipe and tire permeable pile dams to bundle the flow of sand”， “Z-shaped sheet pile beach protection”， “efficient sediment disposal”， “steel pipe pile dam shore protection” ，“steel pipe and tire permeable pile integrated dams”， “single row steel pipe permeable pile buffer to limit the flow” and other pilot project forms respectively on the basis of expounding the research objectives， implementation and the general situation of the demonstration river section. The implementation of these projects shows that they can not only achieve the expected purposes of river regime control and diversion， sediment promotion by changing flow， sediment transport by beam， beach protection and erosion prevention， and efficient sediment transport to meet the needs of local people， but also can increase the types of demonstration projects， expand the demonstration role and achieve better demonstration effect. In particular， it does not occupy the original farmland， effectively protects other cultivated land， makes it easy to enter and occupy， and does not need emergency maintenance. In addition， it can directly deposit vast beach land in the downstream， which is conducive to ecological restoration， and obviously can directly and indirectly produce huge economic， social and ecological benefits.

Key words： river potential control and guidance; beach area management; demonstration projects; steel shaped sheet pile dams; steel pipe permeable pile dams; Lower Yellow River

70多a来，黄河治理开发保护与管理成效显著[1]，在减轻洪水灾害、防治水土流失、综合开发利用水资源等方面取得了巨大成就[2]。不過，鉴于问题的复杂性，黄河下游河道与滩区治理依然面临不少问题[3]：防洪形势仍较为严峻，尤其是下游滩区防洪问题相对突出，水资源供需矛盾更加尖锐，水环境和水生态系统相当恶化。随着流域经济社会的发展、黄河水沙情势[4]和工程修建状况的不断变化，传统的河道与滩区治理对策已不适应新形势的要求。……