50批市售中药材中汞含量考察及结果分析

叶静 马长宏 赵龙山

摘要 目的：考察不同品种、不同批次的常见市售中药材中汞（Hg）含量，为中药材中汞的限量控制及市场监管提供有力依据。方法：采用微波消解法消解样品，以铋（Bi）元素为内标，用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定不同批次的11种中药材（人参、白芍、甘草、枸杞子、海藻、黄芪、金银花、山楂、水蛭、西洋参、昆布）中Hg元素的含量，并采用SPSS软件进行聚类分析。结果：汞元素线性关系良好，相关系数r≥0.999 0，汞元素的检出限为0.006 μg/L，平均回收率为100.9%，RSD为1.9%，重复性和精密度的RSD分别为1.06%和2.48%，均≤5%;有12批中药材汞含量超标，Hg含量受中药材自身特性及产地影响较大，系统聚类分析结果表明有11批次的中药材Hg含量差异较大。结论：该方法适用于大批量市售中药材中汞元素的含量考察及结果分析。

关键词 中药材;汞;含量测定;微波消解法;电感耦合等离子体质谱;聚类分析

Investigation and Analysis of Hg Content in 50 Batches of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Market

YE Jing1，MA Changhong1，ZHAO Longshan2

（1 Panjin Center for Inspection and Testing，Panjin 124010，China; 2 College of Pharmacy，Shenyang Pharmaceutical University，Shenyang 110016，China）

Abstract Objective：To determine the content of Hg element in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in different varieties and batches to provide a basis for the limited control and market supervision of Hg element in TCM.Methods：The samples were dissolved with microwave digestion.The matrix effect was corrected by the addition of internal standard Bi.ICP-MS was applied to determine the contents of Hg element in TCM for different batches in 11 varieties.SPSS software was applied to the cluster analysis.Results：The Hg element had a good linear relationship （r≥0.999 0）.The limit of detection was 0.006 μg/L and the average recovery rate was 100.9% with a 1.9% RSD.RSD values of the repeatability and precision were 1.06% and 2.48%，all less than 5%.And 12 batches of TCM with excessive Hg content were detected.It was affected by the characteristics and origins，and it showed that there were significant differences of Hg content in TCM for 11 batches by cluster analysis.Conclusion：This method is simple and fast with good accuracy and high precision，which can be applied to the investigation of Hg element and analysis of the results in lots of TCM.

Keywords Traditional Chinese medicine; Hg; Content determination; Microwave digestion; ICP-MS; Cluster analysis

中图分类号：R284.1;R282.5文献标识码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2021.06.008

汞是常温常压下唯一以液态存在的金属，汞及其化合物有很强的毒性。近年来，随着环境污染的日益严重，工业“三废”的不合理排放，农药、化肥等的不规范使用及中药材在运输加工过程中引入的外源性物质，均会造成中药材汞污染问题[1-2]。同仁堂药品曾于2013年接连两次被爆出汞超标事件，引发社会对中药成分安全问题的广泛关注[3]。然而，通过查阅国家知识基础设施数据库（China National Knowledge Infrastructure，CNKI） 近10年汞的论文发表情况，汞测定相关文章多数为分析方法的建立[4-7]，罕有对常见市售中药材中汞含量进行考察并进行系统的分析，以查找汞元素分布情况或汞超标的原因。……