MWCNTs表面对玻璃纤维增强复合材料力学及其界面粘合性的影响

陶文竹 申明霞 曾少华 郑益飞 郝凌云 韩彦馨

摘 要：采用三种不同种类的硅烷改性分散碳纳米管（MWCNTs），通过超声辅助浸渍法制备了MWCNTs/玻璃纤维预增强体，通过真空灌注法制备了含MWCNTs的玻璃纤维增强环氧复合材料（GFRP），研究了硅烷组成和结构对MWCNTs的表面及其对GFRP力学性能、层间粘合性能、动态粘弹性以及断裂形貌等的影响。结果表明，氨基、乙烯基和长链硅烷均可以改善MWCNTs的分散性，其中含氨基硅烷改性MWCNTs的GFRP（MGFE-a）呈韧性断裂，性能提升最为明显，其拉伸强度和模量分别提升了19.2%和19.7%，弯曲强度和模量分别提升了18.9%和19.3%;层间剪切强度和断裂功分别提升了15.2%和48.2%;MWCNTs表面组成与树脂之间的相互作用对玻璃化转变和内耗的影响有一定的温度依赖性，MGFE-a的储能模量值最大，提高了13.0%，玻璃化温度提高了约5.2℃，损耗因子降低了15.6%。

关键词：复合材料;多壁碳纳米管;玻璃纤维;环氧树脂;硅烷

中图分类号：TQ171.77 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-5922（2021）04-0001-06

Abstract：Three kinds of silane were used to modify and disperse carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs）， MWCNTs/glass fiber prereinforcers body were prepared by ultrasound-assisted impregnation method， GFRP composites with MWCNTs were prepared by vacuum infusion method. The effects of silane composition and structure on the surface of MWCNTs and on the mechanical properties of GFRP， interlaminar shear properties， dynamic viscoelasticity and fracture morphology were studied. The results showed that amino， vinyl and long-chain silanes can all improve the dispersion stability of MWCNTs， among them， GFRP （MGFE-a） containing amino silane-modified MWCNTs exhibits ductile fracture and the performance improvement was the most obvious， the tensile strength and modulus of the composites increased by 19.2% and 19.7% respectively， the bending strength and modulus increased by 18.9% and 19.3% respectively， and the interlaminar shear strength and the work of fracture increased by 15.2% and 48.2% respectively. The interaction between the surface composition of MWCNTs and the resin had a certain temperature dependence on the vitrification transition and internal consumption. The energy storage modulus value of MGFE-a was the highest， with an increase of 13.0%， the vitrification temperature increased by about 5.2℃， and the loss factor decreased by 15.6%.

Key words：composite materials; multi-walled carbon nanotubes; glass fiber; epoxy resin; silane

0 引言

玻璃纖维增强环氧复合材料（GFRP）具有比强度比模量高、耐高温、耐腐蚀性好且性价比高等特点，可用于建筑、风电、化工、航空航天等领域，近年来在智能、通讯和商业领域也呈现出潜在应用前景[1-3]。但是GFRP的断裂呈现脆性特征，且层间粘合薄弱，使其使用寿命和应用场合受到一定的限制。碳纳米管（MWCNTs）具有高比强比模和高长径比，且性价比高，是GFRP的一种理想增强填料[4]。Fan等[5]通过双真空辅助注射成型工艺用含0.5wt%酸氧化MWCNTs的环氧树脂制备GFRP，其ILSS提高了9.7%，而Chandrasekaran等[6]采用同一工艺制备的复合材料的ILSS未见明显改善。……