菠菜抗霜霉病种质资源表型评价

戴雨柔　马成昊　彭枫　蔡晓锋

摘  要： 通过田间观测对菠菜抗霜霉病种质资源的植物学特性、生育周期和抗病性进行了鉴定.结果显示：59份菠菜种质资源的10个质量性状的多样性指数分布在0.25～1.23之间;8个数量性状变异系数在24.25%～42.80%之间，平均29.54%.霜霉病抗性鉴定结果表明：菠菜材料S1～S36为高抗材料，S37～S41为抗病材料，S42～S59为中抗材料.抽薹期性状调查结果表明：81.4%的材料属于抽薹早或中的材料，18.6%的菠菜材料属于抽薹晚的材料.综合考虑，菠菜材料S1株型直立，叶片卵圆、长势好、耐抽薹，试验期无任何霜霉病的病症，且霜霉病病情指数和发病率均为0，是植物学性状优良的抗菠菜抗霜霉病种质资源.

关键词： 菠菜; 霜霉病; 种质资源; 抽薹

中图分类号： S 636.1    文献标志码： A    文章编号： 1000-5137（2021）02-0259-09

Phenotype evaluation on downy mildew resistance of spinach germplasm resources

DAI Yurou， MA Chenghao， PENG Feng， CAI Xiaofeng^*

（College of Life Sciences， Shanghai Normal University， Shanghai 200234， China）

Abstract： Downy mildew is the main disease in the production of spinach.The selection and evaluation of germplasm resources is the implantation and basis of the breeding of spinach against downy mildew.In this study，the spinachtraits from different germplasm resources，such as botanical characteristics，reproduction cycle and disease resistance，which have downy mildew resistance，were identifiedby field observation.The results showed that the diversity index of 10 qualitative traits of 59 spinach germplasm resources was distributed between 0.25 and 1.23，and the coefficient of variation of 8 quantitative traits was between 24.25% and 42.80%，with an average of 29.54%.The identification of the resistance to downy mildew show that the spinach materials S1 to S36 are high-resistant materials，S37-S41 are disease-resistant materials，and S42-S59 are medium-resistant materials.The results of the bolting period survey showed that 81.4% of the materials belonged to early or middle bolting materials，18.6% of the spinach materials belonged to the late bolting materials.In conclusion，the spinach material S1 has an erect plant type，oval leaves，late bolting and high resistance to downy mildew，and there was no downy mildew disease in the test period，and the downy mildew disease index and incidence rate were both 0. It was excellent germplasm resource for resisting to spinach downy mildew and for late bolting breeding.

Key words： spinach; downy mildew; germplasm resource; bolting

0  引言

菠菜（Spinacia oleraceaL.）又名波斯菜、赤根菜、鸚鹉菜等，苋科藜亚科菠菜属，一年生或二年生草本植物，以叶和茎为食，营养丰富，含有较多蛋白质、维生素、膳食纤维.菠菜抗寒性强、适应性广、生育期短，易快种连收，且产量高、供应期长^[1].

菠菜是上海市民餐桌上最常见的绿叶菜类蔬菜之一，上海地区菠菜栽培多为设施大棚栽培，且栽培密度高，但在春初和秋冬栽培过程中低温高湿、种植密度大等因素经常导致菠菜霜霉病（Peronospora farinosa f. sp. Spinaciae，Pfs）爆发，造成重大的损失^[2].菠菜霜霉病是由专性寄生菌引起的气传真菌病害，主要危害植株叶片，苗期和成株期均可发生，严重影响菠菜的产量和品质，降低经济效益^[3].菠菜霜霉病菌是专性寄生真菌，不同地区……