黄姗姗
摘 要:白蚁区域性综合治理作为一种可持续性的防治策略,涉及到生态、环境、经济、社会及管理层面等诸多领域。该文简述了水库大坝白蚁危害成因及防治历史,阐明了白蚁区域性综合治理理念和技术,提出了水库大坝白蚁区域性综合治理要坚持“大坝和环境相结合,以环境为主”的原则,明确了“普查分类—监控—预防—发现灭治”的技术路线,指出了水库大坝白蚁区域性综合治理的四大优势,并对水库大坝白蚁区域性综合治理技术的应用及发展提出了建议。
关键词:水库大坝;白蚁;区域性综合治理;长期监测
中图分类号 TU746.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731(2021)11-0122-03
Study on Area-wide Integrated Pest Management for Termite Control of Reservoir Dam
HUANG Shanshan
(Hefei Termite Control Institute, Hefei 230001, China)
Abstract: As a sustainable control strategy, area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) for termite control involves many fields, such as ecology, environment, economy, society and management. This paper analyzes the causes of termite damage in reservoir dam, briefly describes the history of termite control in reservoir dam, expounds the concept and technology of area-wide integrated pest management for termite control, and puts forward that the area-wide integrated pest management for termite control of reservoir dam should adhere to the principle of "combining the dam with the environment and giving priority to the environment".The technical route of "general survey and classification — monitoring — prevention — discovery and control" is defined, and four advantages of the area-wide integrated pest management for termite control in reservoir dam are pointed out.The application and development direction of area-wide integrated pest management for termite control in reservoir dam are prospected.
Key words: Reservoir dam; Termite; Area-wide integrated pest management; Long-term monitoring
白蚁是世界性害虫之一,是水利工程防洪安全的重大隐患之一。它不仅破坏土坝护坡植被,更严重的会导致水库大坝管涌、沉陷、滑坡等重大险情,甚至酿成垮坝的灾难,给国家和人民生命财产造成不可估量的损失。因此,在现阶段的水库大坝管理中,白蚁问题始终是管理的重点。白蚁防治是一项复杂和长期性的工作,加强坝体管理,從源头做好白蚁防治工作,确保水库安全稳定,将更多的技术手段和先进理念应用于水库白蚁防治工作中,是新时期白蚁防治的主要思路,也是确保水库大坝免受白蚁侵蚀和危害的必要策略[1-6]。近年来,国内外研究人员开始尝试白蚁的区域性治理,而不只是对单独住宅进行处理[3-5]。区域治理代替个别业主房屋处理的策略在国外白蚁综合治理中取得了很好的应用效果[3,7]。……