低温春化与光周期调控对普通白菜抽薹性状的影响

黎黎 刘娟 阳梦瑶 王顺妮 艾辛

摘 要：以35份普通白菜和5份苗用白菜（快菜）为材料，发芽期进行人工低温春化处理，幼苗移栽至人工气候室穴盘栽培条件下进行光周期调控，以露地栽培自然春化为对照，探讨人工春化、光周期调控对普通白菜抽薹性状的影响。结果表明，普通白菜在4 ℃低温处理20 d、光照时长16 h·d-1的人工气候室穴盘栽培条件下品种间现蕾期变异系数为21.96%，露地低温春化条件下变异系数为17.13%，两者呈现极显著相关性，表明可以利用人工气候室穴盘栽培替代露地自然春化评价品种间的抽薹性能。在经过≥35 d低温处理和16 h·d-1光周期條件下不能现蕾的晚抽薹普通白菜优良株系，延长光照时间至24 h·d-1可以加速现蕾抽薹，提高了极晚抽薹普通白菜的育种效率，为选育光周期敏感型的晚抽薹普通白菜新品种提供了科学依据。

关键词：普通白菜;现蕾;抽薹;低温春化;光周期

中图分类号：S634 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）05-045-07

Effects of low temperature vernalization and photoperiod regulation on bolting characters of pakchoi

LI Li， LIU Juan， YANG Mengyao， WANG Shunni， AI Xin

（College of Horticulture， Hunan Agricultural University， Changsha 410128， Hunan， China）

Abstract： 35 pakchoi cultivars and 5 seedling cabbage cultivars were used as experimental materials， artificial low-temperature vernalization treatment was carried out during germination period， and seedlings were transplanted into artificial climate chamber for photoperiod regulation under cave-dish cultivation conditions in this research.The results showed that under the artificial climate cave-dish cultivation conditions of 20 days of 4 ℃ low temperature treatment and 16 h/d light condition， the variation coefficient was 21.96%， and under the open field low temperature vernalization condition， the variation coefficient was 17.13%， there was a very significant correlation between them， which indicated that the artificial climate cave-dish cultivation conditions could be used to replace the natural vernalization in order to evaluate the bolting traits. After more than 35 days of 4 ℃ low-temperature treatment and 16 h/d photoperiod， if ordinary cabbage couldnt bud， the bud could be accelerated by extending the light time to 24 h/d. These results could provide scientific basis for breeding new varieties of late bolting pakchoi which are photoperiod sensitive..

Key words： Pakchoi; Budding; Bolting; Vernalization; Photoperiod

普通白菜（Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis （L.）Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee）在我国栽培历史悠久，由于南北饮食及地域气候的差异，白菜品种类型多样、丰富，各地需选择适宜品种才能实现周年生产满足市场需求。在白菜周年生产过程中，随着季节的变化，主要环境因子也发生很大变化，因此不同生产季节就需要不同的品种[1]。夏季和早秋播种的普通白菜品种需要很强的耐旱、抗热和抗病虫害能力[2]。越冬和早春容易发生未熟抽薹现象，需要耐低温春化和耐抽薹的品种[3-5]。研究表明，白菜可以通过春化路径、光周期路径、自主路径、赤霉素路径、年龄路径和环境温度路径等6种路径影响植株生长和抽薹开花[6-7]，低温春化是白菜开花的主要路径。……