菌渣奶牛垫料对盐碱土性质和青梗菜生长的影响

张瑞华 王效华 丁美丽 王承香 刘振龙 任鹏飞

摘 要：以京冠二號青梗菜为试材，采用盆栽方式，按照菌渣奶牛垫料与盐碱土体积比设定不同处理，测定青梗菜的发芽率、株高等生长指标、根系活力及青梗菜收获后不同处理土壤的理化性质，以此来比较菌渣奶牛垫料对盐碱土性质和青梗菜生长的影响，以期为菌渣奶牛垫料改良盐碱土研究提供技术参考。结果表明，菌渣奶牛垫料加入盐碱土后，没有影响青梗菜发芽率，但提高青梗菜生长势，株高提高71.2%～93.2%，地上部鲜质量提高117.1%～177.1%，而且显著提高了盐碱土中氮、磷、钾含量，改善了盐碱土的理化性质，仅有机质含量较盐碱土提高60.9%～73.6%，田间持水量提高51.0%～129.0%，并且显著降低了盐碱土的pH值。综上所述，菌渣奶牛垫料改良盐碱土切实可行。

关键词：青梗菜;菌渣奶牛垫料;盐碱土;生长;土壤性质

中图分类号：S652 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）05-082-05

Effects of cow bedding of spent mushroom substrate on the saline-alkali soil properties and the growth of green terrie

ZHANG Ruihua2， WANG Xiaohua2， DING Meili2， WANG Chengxiang2， LIU Zhenlong2， REN Pengfei1

（1. Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment， Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Jinan 250100， Shandong， China; 2. Wei Fang Vocational College， College of Agricultural and Forestry Science and Technology， Weifang 261041， Shandong， China）

Abstract： In order to investigate the effect of cow bedding of spent mushroom substrate on the saline-alkali soil properties and the growth of green terrie， and provide technical reference for the research on the improvement of saline-alkali soil with cow bedding of spent mushroom substrate. Green terrie variety of Jingguan No. 2 was used as experimental material， the potting experiment was carried out， different treatments were set according to the volume ratio between cow bedding of spent mushroom substrate and saline-alkali soil in this research， the germination rate， plant height， number of leaves， fresh weight of aerial part， root fresh weight， root vigor and hydrolysable nitrogen， effective phosphor， available kalium， organic matter， PH range of different treatment soil were investigated. The results showed that after adding the cow bedding of spent mushroom substrate to the saline-alkali soil， the germination rate of green terrier was not affected， but the growth was promoted， such as plant height was increased by 71.2%-93.2%， fresh weight of aerial part was increased by 117.1%-177.1%， and the contents of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium of saline-alkali soil were increased and the physical-chemical nature of the saline-alkali soil was improved， such as organic content was increased by 60.9%-73.6% and field capacity was increased by 51.0%-129.0%， and pH was reduced  significantly. In a word， it was feasible to improve the saline-alkali soil by using the cow bedding of spent mushroom substrate.

Key words： Greenterrie; Cow bedding of spent mushroom substrate; Saline-alkali soil; Growth; Soil properties

中国是世界食用菌生产第一大国，每年产生菌渣量高达400万吨，菌渣中含有丰富的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、氨基酸、多糖以及Fe、Ca、Zn、Mg等中微量元素，被广泛地应用于土壤改良、饲料、有机肥生产、养殖垫料中[1-6]。菌渣作为养殖垫料，效果较好[7-8]，但废弃垫料资源如何利用一直没有很好地得到解决，卢东升等研究表明养鸡废弃菌渣垫料具有丰富的营养元素，有机质含量（w，后同）达42.62%～54.12%，全氮、全磷、全钾总量达4.33%～9.82%[9];韩建东等[2]研究表明，菌渣垫料堆肥中有机质含量、pH值、重金属含量均达到了有机肥料标准（NY 525-2012）要求，全氮、全磷、全钾的总养分含量为4.48%，用作底肥种植甘蓝，甘蓝产量与施用相同用量商品有机肥无显著差异。……