福州市469例认知衰弱症老年人的中医体质分布规律研究

林慧颖 邱娉婷 郑国华

【摘 要】 目的：探討福州市认知衰弱症老年人中医体质分布特点和规律。方法：选福建省福州市社区以及附近养老院和老年大学的469名确诊为认知衰弱症的老年人作为研究对象，采用《老年版中医体质分类与判定量表》作为调查工具，收集中医体质类型辨识结果和一般人口学资料进行统一分析。结果：福州市认知衰弱老年人中偏颇体质占79.1%，前三位的体质类型分别为痰湿质（27.9%）、平和质（20.9%）和阴虚质（17.5%）;70岁以上老年人阴虚质占比明显高于70岁以下老年人，而湿热质明显低于70岁以下老年人，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;BMI<24的CF老年人平和质、阳虚质、阴虚质高于BMI≥24的老年人，而痰湿质低于BMI≥24老年人，差别具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;阴虚质在不同受教育程度的CF老年人中分布比较存在差异，文化程度高者阴虚质明显高于文化程度低者（P<0.05）;不同性别的CF老年人中医体质比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：福州市认知衰弱症老年人的中医体质分布以痰湿质最高，其次为平和质和阴虚质，体质分布情况与年龄、BMI和受教育程度有一定的关联性。

【关键词】 认知衰弱症;中医体质;分布特点;年龄;体质指数

【中图分类号】R229   【文献标志码】 A    【文章编号】1007-8517（2021）09-0011-05

Abstract：Objective To explore the characteristics and regularity of TCM  constitution of elderly with cognitive frailty in Fuzhou. Methods From November 2018 to October 2019， 469 elderly people diagnosed with cognitive frailty in communities in Fuzhou city， Fujian province， as well as in nearby nursing homes and universities for the elderly were selected as research subjects. Using Constitution in TCM questionnaire For Old Person as a survey tool， the results of TCM constitution type identification and general demographic data were collected for unified analysis.Results Biased constitution accounted for 79.1% among the elderly with cognitive frailty in Fuzhou， and the top three TCM constitution type were phlegm-dampness constitution（27.9%）， calm constitution（20.9%） and yin-deficiency constitution （17.5%）， respectively; The proportion of yin-deficiency constitution in the elderly over 70 years old was significantly higher than that in the elderly under 70 years old， while the proportion of damp-heat constitution in the elderly over 70 years old was significantly lower than that in the elderly under 70 years old， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）; In the CF elderly with BMI<24， calm constitution、 yang-deficiency constitution and yin-deficiency constitutionwere higher than those with BMI≥24， while phlegm-dampness constitution were lower than those with BMI ≥24，the difference was statistically significant （P< 0.05）; There were differences in the distribution of yin-deficiency constitution among CF elderly with different education levels， yin-deficiency constitution of those with high education level was significantly higher than those with low education level （P<0.05）; There was no significant difference in TCM constitution between CF elderly of different genders （P>0.05）.Conclusion The distribution of TCM constitution in the elderly with cognitive frailty in Fuzhou was the highest in phlegm-dampness constitution， followed by calm constitutionand yin-deficiency constitution， the distribution of TCM constitution is correlated withage， BMI and education level.

Keywords：Cognitive Frailty; TCM Constitution; Distributioncharacteristics; Age; Body Mass Index

认知衰弱症（Cognitive frailty，CF）是指老年人身体衰弱和认知障碍并存且排除阿尔茨海默病及其他痴呆的一种临床状态[1]。研究[2]表明认知衰弱症与残疾、失能和死亡的风险密切相关，而且是老年痴呆前的功能衰弱状态[3]，已成为严重影响老年人群生活质量和生命质量的重要公共问题。有研究[4]表明，认知衰弱症是机体内在因素和外在条件的共同作用下产生的，其影响因素是多方面的。中医体质是由个体的气血阴阳发生盛衰虚实变化所决定的相对稳定的一种特质[5-6]，对机体慢性疾病的转变趋势有一定影响[7]。……