冯克云 南宏宇 王宁 秦霞
摘要:棉花新品种陇棉10号是甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所以自育品系07-1为母本、自育品系81-10-1为父本通过杂交选育而成。在2016 — 2017年甘肃省棉花新品种(系)区域试验中,陇棉10号2 a 10点(次)皮棉平均折合产量为2 254.5 kg/hm2,较对照品种酒棉10号增产5.10%。在2018年甘肃省棉花新品种生产试验中,陇棉10号皮棉平均折合产量为2 505.0 kg/hm2,较对照品种酒棉10号增产5.60%。该品种株高80 cm,叶片深绿,株型紧凑。Ⅰ式果枝,筒形,第1果枝着生高度25 cm,果枝层8~13层。铃卵圆型偏尖,单株结铃数8.8~10个,单铃重5.8~6.8 g,衣分含量44%,籽指10.0 g。上半部平均长度为28.7 mm,断裂比强度为30.9 cN/tex,马克隆值为4.1,整齐度指数86.3%。高抗枯萎病,耐黄萎病。适宜在甘肃敦煌、瓜州以及气候条件类似的西北内陆棉区种植。
关键词:棉花;新品种;陇棉10号;选育
中图分类号:S562 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-1463(2021)06-0001-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.06.001
Report on Breeding of New Cotton Cultivar Longmian 10
FENG Keyun 1, NAN Hongyu 1, WANG Ning 1, QIN Xia 2
(1. Institute of Crops, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China; 2. Dunhuang Meteorological Bureau, Dunhuang Gansu 736200, China)
Abstract:Longmian 10 is a new cotton cultivar, bred by cross breeding with 07-1 as female parent and 81-10-1 as male parent. In 2016 — 2017, the average yield of lint in 2 a 10 sites(times) was 2 254.5 kg/hm2, 5.10% higher than that of the control cultivar Jiumian 10 in Gansu Cotton Regional Test. In 2016 — 2017, the average yield of lint was 2 505.0 kg/hm2, 5.60% higher than that of the Jiumian 10 in Gansu Cotton Production Test. The plant height is 80 cm, the leaves are dark green, the plant type is compact,Ⅰtype fruit branch,cylinder shape, the first fruit branch growth height is 25 cm and the fruit branch layer is 8~13 layers. The boll oval shape is slightly pointed, the number of bolls per plant is 8.8 ~ 10, the weight of single boll is 5.8 ~ 6.8 g, the lint percentage is 44%, the seed index is 10.0 g. The average length of the upper part is 28.7 mm, the fracture strength is 30.9 cN/tex, the micronaire value is 4.1, and the uniformity index is 86.3%. It is high resistance to Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt. It is suitable to be grown in Dunhuang, Guazhou and inland cotton areas in Northwest China with similar climatic conditions.
Key words:Cotton;New cultivar;Longmian 10;Breeding
棉花是我国西北地区重要的经济作物[1 ],较其他作物具有较强的耐盐碱性以及较强的抗旱节水性[2 - 3 ]。随着我国种植结构调整和植棉效益的下降,棉花种植不断向以新疆为主的西北内陆棉区转移[4 ]。作为西北内陆棉区的重要组成部分,河西走廊棉区光热充足,昼夜温差大,降水量少,符合优质、高产棉花生产的气候条件[5 ]。同时该地区土壤沙漠化、盐碱化较为严重[6 ],水資源短缺[7 ],基于棉花抗旱耐盐性较强以及早期种植效益较高等优势,该区域具有优越的植棉条件和悠久的植棉历史,历来是我国优质棉生产基地之一[8 ]。近年来,随着农业劳动力成本快速上升,棉花种植用工多、投入大、效益低的问题逐渐成为河西走廊棉区棉花生产可持续发展的主要障碍。……